Hitler's foreign Policy and the origins of the Second World War

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When did Hitler write his book and what is it called?
He wrote Mein Kampf in prison, 1924
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What were his four main aims?
RUDE- Rearm, unite all German speaking people, Destroy communisim and expand eastwards (Lebensraum)
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What did Hitler have to do to achieve his aims?
Hitler had to destroy the Tof V by rearming, Expanding and uniting with Austria. All of which were prohibited by the T of V
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Who did Hitler feel his main enemies were and who did he want to gain friendship with?
Hitler felt his main enemies were USSR (as they were Communist) and France (as they treated them harshly in the TofV). He aimed to get the friendship of Italy and Britain
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When was German allowed to join the League of Nations
1926
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When did Germany withdraw from the League of Nations and why?
They withdrew in 1933 because France wouldnt disarm becasue f its fears of another German attack and said they would only not rearm if other countries disarmed
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When did Germany begin to re-arm and what was their excuse for doing so?
They re-armed in 1935, Hitler's excuse was that France had just increased its term of conscription from 12 to 18 months which would increase the number of trained soldiers in France.
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Why did Britain and France not act?
Many in Britian thought that the TofV was unfair on Germany and France were afraid of Germany but didnt want to act alone.
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When was the 10 year non aggression pact signed and what did it say?
It was signed in 1934 and it guaranteed the borders of Poland.
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When was the first attempted Anschluss and why did it fail?
In 1934, Hitler encouraged the Austrian Nazi party to rebel and this resulted to the murder of Austrian Chancellor, Dollfuss. It looked as if the Anschluss was going to be acheived but then Mussilini moved his army to the border of Austria.
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When was the Anglo- German naval aggreement signed and what did it say?
It was signed in 1935 and the Treaty limited the German navy to 35% the strength of the British fleet.
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Why was the Anglo-German naval agreement a success for Hitler?
The agreement weakend the Stresa front as Britian had not consulted France or Italy. it also lead to Germany increasing its Navy without opposition.
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When was the Saar returned to Germany and why?
A plebisite was held in 1935 and the saar voted to join Germany.
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When was the remilitisation of the Rhineland?
On the 7th March 1936, German soldiers marched into the Rhineland. This was against he treaty of Versailles and the Locarno pact, signed 1925
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Why was there no action against Hitler?
Britain and France were more concered about Mussolini invading Abyssinia, the French government was not prepared to act without the support of Britain but Britain thought that Hitler was doing nothing wrong.
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What did Britain think of the invasion of the Rhineland?
They thought that the TofV was unjust and that Hitler had a right to change it. It wasnt like Mussilini who had taken over another country and no one wants another war.
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What were the main results of the Rhineland?
Hitler had reversed TofV giving him confidence to go further. The position of Hitler in Germany had strengthened and he had proved to be right while his army and ministers wrong. This increased his confidence
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What were the other results of the Rhineland?
It lead to the signing of the Rome-Berlin axis, 1936, with Mussolini. They cooperated with General Franco in the Spainish civil war, this gave Hitler the opputunity to test his armed forces, tactics and gave them experience of war.
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When the successful Anschluss?
1938
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What happened in the Anschluss?
There were rumors of a Nazi plot to over throw the Austrian government. Schuschnigg appealed to Hitler for help but he refused.
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Who was put in charge of the Police Force in Austria?
Hitler put pressure on him to put seyss-inqaurt the leader of the Police Force.
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Why did the Nazis in Austria riot?
Hitler encouraged them to riot and Seyss-inquart supported the demonstartions and did nothing to stop them.
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What did Schuschnigg do in response to these riots?
Schuschnigg called a plebisite on whether the Austrian people want to remain independant or unite with Germany. This alarned Hitler eventhough some Austrians supported him, he was not prepared to take the risk.
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What did Hitler do in response to the plebisite?
To make certain Hitler took Austria and moved his troops to the border and forced Schuschnigg to call off the plebisite and resign.
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What were the reactions of Britain and France
Britain and France protested but did nothing. The L of N were consulted but Brtiain had sympathy because the Austrians were German speaking.
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What are the results of Anschluss?
Hitler now had the resources of Austria at his disposal, another 'injustice' of the TofV had been overcome without oppostion and Hitlers confidence grew.
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Other results of Anschluss?
Germany surrounded the Sudetenland on three sides which was inhabited by over 3 million german speaking people. Improved the value of the pact between Hitler and Mussolini.
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Who was Appeasement adopted by and when was it used?
It is the name given to the British foreign Policy between 1919 and 1939.
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Which Prime Minister was mainly associated with Appeasement?
Neville Chamberlain who became PM in 1937
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What did Neville Chamberlain feel about Germany?
Chamberlain felt that Germany had a right to be upset at many of the terms of the TofV. He felt as if he could solve how Germany feels about the Treaty.
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What were the risks of Appeasement?
It depended on Hitler's aims being reasonable and limited to righting the wrongs of the TofV. It meant trusting Hitler and believing he was telling the truth.
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When did Chamberlain first test Appeasement and Did Britain accept it?
During the Anschluss, which was accepted by Britain because it was seen as taking over a German-speaking area
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What are two arguments in favour of appeasement?
The feeling that Germany had genuine grievances that could be solved and people in Britain want to avoid another war at all costs.
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What are other two arguments in favour of appeasement?
Britain was also suffering from the depression and could not afford another war any rearmament programme. Britain was scared of communism so Germany was a barrier against Communism.
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What are two arguments against appeasement?
Hitler could not be trusted as he has already broken many promises since 1933. Appeasement made Britain look weak and gave Hitler confidence.
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What are two other arguments against appeasement?
It is seen as betraying land that had been protected by the TofV. It allowed HItler to increase his strength and power
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When was the Sudetenland crisis?
1938
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Where is the Sudetenland and How many people lived in Czechoslovakia?
It is on the western part of Czechoslovakia and 3 million people lived there
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What was Hitler's excuse for taking the Sudetenland?
Hitler wanted to take over Czechoslovakia and the Sudeten Germans were the excuse
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Wh did Hitler encourage to campaign for independence
HItler encouraged Henlein, the leader of the Nazis in the Sudetenland and riots broke out.
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What did Chamberlain do in 1938 and why?
Chamberlain flew to Germany to find out what Hitler wanted and tried to negotiate with him.
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What did Hitler tell Chamberlain he wanted?
Hitler said he wanted all the German-speaking parts of the Sudetenland but only after a plebiscite.
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Did Chamberlain get the support of Czechoslovakia?
Yes, Chamberlain managed to persuade President Benes of Czechoslovakia.
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What did President Benes fear?
President Benes feared that he could not depend on the support of Britain and France if Hitler invaded;only soviet Russia promised to help Czechoslovakia
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Why did Chamberlain feel disappointed?
On 22nd September, Hitler taken by surprise; he did not expect Chamberlain to persuade France and Czechoslovakia to accept his demands. Hitler asked for more.
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Were there preparations for war in Britain?
Yes preparations were made, trenches were dug, children evacuated and gas masks were given out.
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When was the Munich conference held?
The 30th September 1938
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Who attended the Conference?
Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini for Italy and Daladier for France
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What was agreed at the Munich conference?
It was agreed that the Sudetenland would become German and Britain and France were guaranteed the remaining part of Czechoslovakia. The Czechs were forced to agree this.
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Why did Chamberlain and Hitler then meet privately?
They came to an agreement saying that Britain and Germany would never go to war again and that consultation not war would solve all future disagreements.
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When did Britain declare the 'piece of paper'
1st October
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State 3 main points of the Munich agreement
Hitler gained the Sudetenland without fighting, Czechoslovakia had been betrayed and peace had been maintained by Chamberlain
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State 3 other points of the Munich agreements
Czechoslovakia had lost its defensive frontier and mineral resources of the Sudetenland, Britain speeded up rearmament and the USSR had been left out and felt betrayed.
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When was Czechoslovakia taken over?
March 1939
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What did Britain and France do after Czechoslovakia was taken over?
Britain and France protested but did not oppose directly.
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What are two effects of Hitler's takeover of Czechoslovakia?
There were no German speakers living there so Hitler could not justify he was changing the TofV. He wanted to takeover land. Hitler also proved that he could not be trusted.
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Name 3 other effects of Hitler's takeover
Hitler's ally conquered Albania, Conscription was introduced in Britain and Hitler withdrew Germany's non aggression pact with Poland of 1934 and the Naval agreement of 1935
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What was the pact signed by Hitler and Stalin called and when was it signed?
It was called the Nazi-Soviet pact and it was signed in August 1939.
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Why was the pact signed?
The pact was signed because Stalin was suspicious of Britain and France's aim and the USSR felt that Britain had been directing Hitler over the East.
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Why was the Nazi- Soviet Pact such a surprise?
It was a surprise because Germany was Facist and the USSR was communist- they have completely beliefs
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What was the importance of the pact?
It meant that Hitler's attack on Poland was inevitable and Hitler presumed that it would prevent Britain from opposing his attack on Poland
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What was another importance of the Pact?
If Britain kept guarantee to defend Poland , war was inevitable
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When was Poland invaded?
Poland was invaded in September 1939
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Why did Britain declare War in 1939
It was invaded because Britain promised that they would defend the borders of Poland
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What were his four main aims?

Back

RUDE- Rearm, unite all German speaking people, Destroy communisim and expand eastwards (Lebensraum)

Card 3

Front

What did Hitler have to do to achieve his aims?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who did Hitler feel his main enemies were and who did he want to gain friendship with?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When was German allowed to join the League of Nations

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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