Hitler and the Nazis

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  • Created by: bella
  • Created on: 01-06-13 18:28
When did Hitler join the German workers Party?
1919
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In 1919 who led the German Workers Party?
Anton Drexler
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Was did Hitler do within the German workers Party?
Drexler soon realised he was capable of great things and put him in charge of propaganda and the political ideas of the party.
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What did the German Workers Party rename itself as in 1920?
The National Soicalist German Workers Pary/Nazis
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In 1920 the Nazi Party published its Twenty-Five Point Programme, what were the main features of this?
The abolition of the Treaty of Versailles, union of Germany and Austriaa, only "true" Germans allowed to live in Germany (jews were to be exculeded) large industries and businesses to be nationalised, generours provisions for old ager pensioners
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When did Hitler remove Drexler as a leader?
1921
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Why did Hitler appeal to the nationalist passions in his audience?
he gave them scapegoats to blame for Germanys problems (the Jews, The communists and the "november criminals" the socialist politians who signed the armatisce)
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Why did Hitler set up the SA?
His meetings were so successful that his opponents tried to disrupt them so he set up the SA (stormtroppers/brownshirts) in 1921, they were thugs who protects Hitler's meeting and alos disrupted those of other parties.
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When did the Munich Putsch happen?
November 1923
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What happened in the Muich Putsch?
SA began taking over official buildings, but the next day the gevt. hit back, police rounded the SA and 16 Nazis were killed by the police.
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Impact of the Munich Putsch? (negative)
in the Short term the muinch Putsch had been a disater for Hitler, popele didn't rise to support him, he and other leading nazis were arressted and charged with treason.
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Impact of the Munich Putsch? (positive)
At his trail Hitler gained huge publicity, and he and the other Nazi got off very lightly. Hitler got a 5 year imprisonment (for an offence that carries a life sentence) he only ende up serving 9 months and did so in Landsberg Castle
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What had Hitler managed to do through the Munich Putsch?
He had managed to gain the attention and support from many poeple in the army and the legal system. He had also spent his time in prison writing Mein Kampf and organising a plan to takeover through the deomcratic system rather than by using force.
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How many seat did the Nazis win in May 1924?
32
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How many seat did the Nazis win in 1928?
12
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How did Nazi propaganda expolit the Weimars way of life?
It contrasted the supposedly clean and simple life of peasants with that of the allegedly corrupt, immoral and crime ridden cities
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When did Hitler enlarged the SA?
in 1925 hitler enlarged the SA.
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Who were the SA?
The SA was mainly made up of ex-servicemen and the unemployed.
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Who were the **?
the ** were fanatically loyal to Hitler and it was created in 1925.
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Why did Hitler appoint Goebbels to take charge of Nazi Propaganda?
Goebbells was highly effiecnt at spreading the Nazi message, they felt that appealing to the publics feelings was a good way to spread their message, he set up photos, leaflets, films, radio broadcasts.
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When was the wall street crash?
1929
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Why did hitlers ideas have a particular relevace now?
because people needed a strong Germany
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What were his Ideas?
Germnay needs a strong leader, he wanted to get rid of the Treaty of Versialles, and he wanted to reduce unemployment by allowing the unemployeed to join the army.
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Who were the Nazi idea appealing towards?
They appealed to the elderly, the unemployed and the middle class.
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Why was Nazi campaigning popular/successful?
They relied on generalised slogan rather than detailed policies. They also talked about going back to traditional values but never mentioned any specific policies, this made it hard to criticise them.
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What did the Nazis do if a specific policy was criticised?
they dropped it.
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Why did their rallies impress people?
Because of their enthusiasm, energy and sheer size.
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Everywhere large groups of unruly /unemployed gathered on street corners, what contrasted to this?
Hitler's ** and SA, they gave a disciplined and orderly impression.
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Why did people think that Germany needed this sort of order?
They welcomed the fact that Hitler's SA and ** were ready and prepared to fight the Communists.
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How did Hitler increase his popularity with the unemployed?
he organised soup kitchens and shelter (hostels) for the unemployed.
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Why was Hitler the Nazis greatest campaigning asset?
He was a powerful speaker, he was years ahead of his time as a communicator
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In 1932 who won the election?
Hindenburg, however Hitler narrowly missed out.
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What was "negative cohesion"?
it was the thought that people supported the Nazis because they shared the same fear/dislikes, rather than supporting them because of their ideas.
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Bruning (the Chancellor) had to rely on what?
He had to rely on Hindenburg emergency powers (Article 48) to bypass the democratic process altogether.
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What was the communist force which broke up oppositions meetings?
The Communist Red Fighting League.
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Who could the Nazis count on?
People who felt that the German values were under threat.
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How many seat did the Nazis have in July 1932?
230, they were the largest single Party but not a majority Party.
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Why did Hindenburg refuse Hitler Chancellorship in1932?
Hindenburg was suspicious of Hitler, and so he allowed the current Chancellor (Franz von Papen) to continue.
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Who became Chancellor in December 1932?
Kurt von Schleicher.
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Why was Hitler offered Chancellorship in 1933?
Because hindenburg and Von Papen thought they could control Hitler.
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What happened on the 27th of February 1933?
the Reichstag building burnt down, Hitler blamed the Communists (there was a Dutch Communist found amongst the rubble), he asked Hindenburg for emergency power and with these he arrested communists(4,000)
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Once Hitler had got an overall majourity, what did he do?
he used the ** and SA to intimidate the Reichstag and pass the Enabling Act
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How did hitler deal with his opponents?
he banned political parties.
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Why was hitler still not secure?
Leading officers in the Army were suspicious of the SA and it's leader (Ernst Rohm) The SA was badly disciplined and was more loyal to Rohm than to Hitler. Rohm wanted to make the SA into a second German Army.
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What happened on The Night Of Long Knives?
Hitler had to decided between the army and the SA, so on the 29-30 June, squads of ** men broke into the homes of Rohm and other leading figures in the SA and arrested them. Many of the memebers of the ** were absorbed into the army/**
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When Hindenburg died in August, what did Hitler do?
He became supreme leader/Fuhrer, and 2nd August 1934 the Army swore a oath of loyalty to him. The army agreed to stay out of politics, an in return Hitler spent lots of money on equipment and brought back conscription.
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What was Hitlers aim?
to create a totalitarian state, with no political opponents.
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What were the **?
The ** were fromed in 1925, they were completely loyal to Hitler, they were highly trained and Aryan, They worked under Himmler.
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What were the Gestapo?
They were Hitlers secret Police, They were under the command of Heydrich, they could arrest citizens on suspicion and send them to concentration camps without trial/explanation, many Germans informed on one another as they thought they'd find out
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How did the Police and court help in Hitlers takeover?
top jobs in local police forces were given to high ranking Nazi officers, (himmler) The police were instructed to do political "snooping" and were told to ignore crimes committed by Nazi agents, opponents of Nazis never received a fair trail.
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What were Concentration Camps?
They were the Nazis ultimate sanction against their own people, they were run by the ** death's head unit, prisoners were forced to do hard labour, food was limited, prisoners suffered harsh discipline,
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Why did the Nazis recieve little opposition?
because people were scared of the outcome
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Why did people support the Nazis?
because they said they'd rebuild the economy, enforce discipline, restore traditional values, clamp down on communists.
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Why were Germans scared about loosing their job?
If they did express opposition they could loose their job, they didn't want this t happen because the depression had hit them hard, your job could depend on silence.
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How did propaganda help?
The propaganda rarely showed bad things about Germany,or if they did they said it with a pro-Nazi tone
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What was the July Bomb Plot in 1944?
Count von Stauffenberg (a colonel in the Army) left a bomb in Hitlers conference room, in an attempt to take over Germany, however the plot was badly planned and failed, as revenge the Nazis took 5,000 in reprisal.
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How did the Nazis deal with the Churches?
In the early stages they co operated, Hitler encouraged a new religion (the Pagan German Faith Movement) but people felt lyal to their original churches,
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How was media controlled?
Thr Nazis controlled the media strictly, no books could be published without Goebbels' permission, only Nazi approved painters could show their work, all films had to carry a pro-Nazi message, jazz music was banned.
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How did Goebbels use Radio broadcasting to spread the Nazi message?
hemade cheap radios avalible and he controlled all the radio stations, listening from BBC broadcasts was punishable by death, Goebbels placed speakers in the street/bars, Hitler speeches were played over them.
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How to Hitler deal with young people?
He reorganised every aspect of the school curriculum to make children loyal to them, you would find out about how Germany "was stabbed in the back", you would be taught not to trust the Jews, in Science you would be taught that Aryans were special a
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What would you do in the Hitler Youth/League of German Maidens?
You would have marched in loud, exciting marching bands you'd be physically fit, you would be able to read maps, and good at camping, as a boy you'd know how to clean a rifle.
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How would Children feel in Nazi Germany towards their parents?
You may have felt slightly alienated,They'd expect your first loyalty to be with Family rather than Hitler, You find Nazi Germany normal
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What was made cumpulsory in 1939?
membership of a Nazi youth movement.
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Who was involved in the "swing Movement"?
it was an anti-Nazi group, of middle class teens, they went to partied and listened to English/American songs, They listened to Jazz music, They accepted Jews, they talked bout sex
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What did Goebbels aim to do?
He aimed to use every resource available to make people loyal to Hitler and the Nazis.
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What happened at the annual Nuremberg Rallies?
Goebbels organised marches, bands, Hitler speeches etc. These gave people a sense of belonging to a great movement
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What did Goebbels think that he 1936 Olympics could be?
A showcase for their doctrine that the Aryan Race was superior to all others
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Who were the "Edelweiss Pirates"?
They were mainly working class teenagers, mainly 14-17 year old, who went camping and sang songs mocking Germany, They taunted/attacked the Hitler Youth groups, they contained boys and girls in their groups.
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How did Hitler respond to the Edelweiss Pirates?
Sometimes he ignored them and others he arressted them,
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What happened in Cologne 1944?
The edelweiss pirates helped shelter army deserters & escaped prisoners, they stole armaments and attacked the Gestapo, during which it's chief was killed.
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What did the Nazis do to the "ringleaders" of these groups?
He rounded them up and twelve were publicly hanged in November 1944.
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Why were all the Nazi leaders men?
The Nazis were a very male dominated organisation, they had a very traditional view of the woman as a wife/mother.,
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Why was there resentment towards working women in the 1930s??
Because they were seen as keeping men out of jobs. There was a lot of pressure on women to conform to what the Nazis called "the traditional balance" between men and women.
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After being alarmed by the Birth rate what did Hitler do?
He offered finical incentives, you got a Gold cross for having 8 kids, and got a seat in Nazi meetings,
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What happened to married professional women?
They were forced to give up their jobs and stay at home with their families, discrimination against women applicants for jobs was encouraged.
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What happened to Nazi policy's of women in 1942-45?
It was torn between the traditional sterotypeand the needs of a workforce because German industry was struggling to cope with war supplies.
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When was food rationing introduced?
in September 1939, soon after the war began.
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When was Clothes Rationing introduced?
November 1939
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Why wasn't it hard to keep up German morale 1939-41?
Because the war was going well for Germany - Hitler had control of much of Western Europe.
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What gamble did Hitler take in 1941?
He invaded the Soviet Union. and for the next 3 years his troops were engaged in an increasingly expensive war with Russian forces.
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What was the Final Solution in 1942?
It was an aim to kill millions of Jewish civilians in German -occupied countries.
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What did the ** have by 1944?
they had their own armed forces, armaments industries and labour camps.
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What were the Allies trying to do by bombing Germany?
They were trying to destryo Germany's uindustry and lower the morale, to force/terrorise them into submission.
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What happened in Desden in 1945?
A huge bombing campaign which killed between 35,000 and 150,000 in 2 days.
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After the war what did Hitler, Goebbels and other leading Nazis do?
committed suicide.
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Who did the Nazis persecute?
Anyone they thought challenged Nazi ideas.
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What was the "euthanasia programme"?
It was begun in 1939 and it was where 5,000 mentally ill babies/children were killed, either by starvation or injection.
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What is anti-semitism?
hatred of the Jews.
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What was one reason for discrimination agianst Jews?
poeple thought they'd killed Jesus.
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Another reason?
They tended to be well-educated and so they often held well paid professions.
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Why did this annoy Hitler?
Because he felt that it offended his idea of Aryans being superior.
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What did Hitler do to the Jews in 1933?
He immedietly banned them from Civil Service, and public services? They were forbidden to marry/have sex with pure-blooded Germans.
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What happened to Jewish Children?
They were humiliated in school and segregated.
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What happened in November 1938 that Nazis used as an excuse to lanch a voilent revenege attack on Jews?
a young Jew kiled a German diplomat ( in Paris)
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What happened in this revenge attck?
The ** officers were issued with pick axes and hammer and were given the adresses of Jewsish busineeses , they ran riot and smashed up Jewish owned shopsand workplaces. hundreds of syangouges were burnt. 20,000 Jews were taken to concentration camps.
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hat did this event become know as?
Kristallncht/The Night of Broken Glass.
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What des "Germanising Poland" mean?
it meant transporting Poles from thier homes and replacing them with erman settles.
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What happened to Polish Jews?
they were rounded up and transported to the major cities, here they ere herded nto sealed areas (ghettos) The able bodid jews were used for slave laour. But the old theyound and the sick were left to die.
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Who were the mass shootings normally of?
Communist party activists and thier Jewish supporters
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what happened at the Wannsee conference?
In jan 1942leading Nazis met to disuss the mass killing of the jews.
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Whoo was put in charge of the systematic killing of the Jews in Germny and German occupied areas?
Himmler, head of ** and Guestapo.
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What did the Civil Service bureaucray do?
they stored and collected info about Jews.
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what gas was used in the as chambers?
Cyclon B
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Card 2

Front

In 1919 who led the German Workers Party?

Back

Anton Drexler

Card 3

Front

Was did Hitler do within the German workers Party?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did the German Workers Party rename itself as in 1920?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

In 1920 the Nazi Party published its Twenty-Five Point Programme, what were the main features of this?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Teiganmarshall

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it is Zyklon B not Cyclon B

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