History: The Munich Putsch - Success or Failure?

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What are the two interpretations of the Munich Putsch?
1)failure for Nazis. it was a fiasco. It was easily crushed&showed how powerless they really were.2)success for Nazis,on its own it may have failed but it launched them onto national scene,made Hitler famous&the main buildingblock for Nazis' success
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When did the Munich Putsch take place?
November 8 1923.
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What had happened to Nazi success between 1919 and 1923?
It had grown.
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Where was the majority of the Nazi's support by 1923?
In Bavaria.
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How many members did the Nazis have by 1923?
3000
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What was the point of the Munich Putsch? (in the eyes of the Nazi Party)
Hitler and the Nazis attempted to seize power in Germany.
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What two reasons did the Nazis have for believing they could succeed in attempting to seize power?
1.) The support of the army 2.) The support of the Bavarian state government
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Describe why the reason 'the support of the army' made the Nazis believe they could succeed in the Munich Putsch. (German army = GA)
Many right-wing groups,thought GA could be persuaded to leave gov&support them.Hitler was becoming increasingly close with former army leader,Ludendoff&believed that if it came to crisis,L would be willing&able 2 persuade GA 2 desert gov&side w Nazis
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Describe why the reason 'the support of the Bavarian state government' made the Nazis believe they could succeed in the Munich Putsch.
The Bavarian state government was right-wing. Its leaders had themselves been plotting against the reich government. Hitler was sure they would support a Nazi putsch.
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Who was the former army leader?
Ludendorff
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What triggered Hitler's decision that this was the right time for a putsch?
In September Stresemann's government called off passive resistance in the Ruhr and began to pay the hatred reparations to France. Many right-wingers saw this as a humiliating climb down-yet another illustration of the weakness of the Reich Government
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Who was the head of the Bavarian government?
Gustav Kahr
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What was the Bavarian government's opinion on Hitler's idea of a putsch? What did Hitler think/do about this?
Gustav Kahr (head of Bavarian government) wasn't so sure about Hitler's ideas. He doubted whether the army would support it. Hitler was furious at Kahr's hesitation and decided to force him to act.
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What was happening on 8 November in a beer hall in Munich?
Gustav Kahr (head of Bavarian Government), the Bavarian Prime Minister, and his two most senior Bavarian officials were addressing a meeting of around 3000 businessmen.
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What did Hitler do on the night of Gustav Kahr's meeting?
Hitler and Goering arrived with 600 stormtroopers. Hitler stopped the meeting and took Kahr and his ministers into a side room at gunpoint where he persuaded them to support him in overthrowing the Reich government.
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What happened on the November 9 1923?
The March on Munich
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Did the first part of Hitlers plan succeed or fail?
Succeed
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What big mistake did Hitler make during the Munich Putsch?
He let Gustav Kahr and his colleagues go, while he and Ludendorff planned how their supporters could seize Munich the following day. It was soon clear that Kahr's pledge of support, made at gunpoint, was worthless.
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What happened when news of the Putsch reached Berlin? Who wouldn't help stop it?
The Government ordered the army in Bavaria to crush it. Gustav Kahr would not attempt to stop it.
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What did the Nazis still do even though the government had ordered the Bavarian army to crush the putsch?
They still marched on Munich the following day as planned, They would challenge the army and the police not to fire on them, but to support them. With Ludendorff as their leader, Hitler hoped they might succeed.
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what was the weather like on the 9th November 1923?
Snowing.
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Who marched into Munich on 9th November 1923?
Hitler, Ludendorff and 3000 Nazis.
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What did the Nazis find when the reached Munich City Centre?
The police and the army waiting for them. In a narrow street called Residenzstrasse about 100 police blocked the path of the march.
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What did the police use on the day of the march to push back the crowd?
Rubber truncheons and rifle butts.
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Describe the event that took place after a Nazi ran forward and shouted to the police "Don't shoot, Ludendorff and Hitler are coming" Hitler cried out "surrender"
Then a shot rang out - no one knows who fired first - and a hail of bullets swept the street from either side.
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Describe the injures and deaths from the minute shooting event on the day of the Munich March.
Sixteen Nazis, three policemen lay dead/dying on the street. Hitler fell,, either pulled down or seeking cover. He had dislocated his shoulder.
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how long after The March on Munich was Hitler arrested?
Two days.
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What did Ludendorff (L) do after the shootings? How does this contrast to Hitler's (H) actions?
L marched onwards towards the next square where he was arrested. H lost his nerve,he was the first to scramble to his feet&struggled to a car which was waiting near.He was in great pain from his dislocated shoulder.
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When did the trial of the leading members of the Putsch take place?
February 1924.
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Who were the three main leading members of the Putsch?
Hitler, Ludendorff and Rohm.
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What opportunity did the trial hold for Hitler?
He had a national platform on which to speak. He greatly impressed his audience by his eloquence and strength of nationalist feelings.
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How did propaganda help make Hitler's speaking at the trial well known?
Newspapers throughout Germany and around the world reported his claim that he had led the movement against a 'treasonable' Weimar system in Berlin.
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What did Hitler's trial establish him as?
The trial established his reputation as the natural leader of extreme right-wing nationalist elements throughout Germany.
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What did the Putsch seem to confirm about Hitler?
That Hitler was a man with immense and unusual political talent.
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What had Hitler done by sheer bluff at his trial?
Secured the support of the famed general Ludendorff who had publicly promised to serve under the dictatorship of ex-corporal Hitler. Anyone who could transform a situation by powerful public speaking was certainly a force to be reckoned with.
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How did Hitler's performance at the trial undoubtedly influence the judges?
He was treated leniently. He was sentence to five years imprisonment, but served less than nine months before he was released.
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What did Hitler do whilst in prison?
Wrote his book Mein Kamfe.
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What does Mein Kamfe mean?
"My Struggles"
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Which Prison was Hitler serving his sentence at? How was he treated luckily at this prison?
Landsberg Castle. He had his own room, and was allowed as many visitors as he wanted.
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What prison sentence did Ludendorff receive?
He was let off.
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What prison sentences generally were other Nazi Leaders given? Give an example of one.
Short sentences, e.g Ernst Rohm was give fifteen months but was released immediately.
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What three points did Hitler make on his assessment of the putsch in a speech in 1933?
1. Cooperation with Ludendorff would have been impossible 2. The sudden takeover of power would have led to greatest difficulties in 1923 3. The events on the 9th have proven the most effective propaganda for National Socialism
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Why would the sudden takeover of power in the whole of Germany lead to the greatest of difficulties in 1923 according to Hitler in his assessment?
Because the essential preparations had not even been begun by the National socialist party.
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Card 2

Front

When did the Munich Putsch take place?

Back

November 8 1923.

Card 3

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What had happened to Nazi success between 1919 and 1923?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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Where was the majority of the Nazi's support by 1923?

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Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How many members did the Nazis have by 1923?

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