History - Paper 1

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  • Created by: Georgia
  • Created on: 21-05-13 14:33
Who was in the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.
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Whay was Austria-Hungary concerned about Serbia?
Serbia was encouraging the Serbians in A-H to rebel and declare independance - this was an issue as then all of the other nationalites in A-H would want independance.
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Who was in the Triple Entente?
Britain, France, Russia.
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When was the Triple Alliance formed?
1882
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When was the Triple Entente formed?
1907
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When was the Entente Cordiale signed and what was it?
1904 - B was becoming worried about the size of G navy so she though that by making an agreement with F, they could unite against a common enemy. The agreement said that B could make reforms in Egypt and B would not oppose any F action in Morocco.
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Why was Germany concerned about the Entente Cordiale?
It was a secret agreement and G thought that it was a full alliance.It also appeared to surround G even though it wasn't designed to.
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What policy was Britian following in the late 19thC?
Splendid isolation - she felt sufficiently powerful so did not need to make alliances with other powers.
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What happened in 1904-5?
Russia was defeated by Japan so R was less of a threat.
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Why did France dislike Germany?
Because they were defeated in the Franco-Prussian war (1870) and Alsace-Lorraine was taken. She fears being attacked again so builds up army/industry and makes alliances with B and R.
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How would you describe Russia before WW1?
A backwards and agricultural country but building up army and industry and they are becoming worried about G.
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Who does Russia support?
Serbia as they are the same nationality.
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What does WELTPOLITIK mean?
'World politics' - the Kaiser wanted to become a world power by building up her trade, empire and army. 'Take her place in the sun'.
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What does MITTELEUROPA mean?
All German people n Europe should be united and controlled by G. This is what an organisation called the 'Pan German League' wanted.
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When was the Daily Telegraph interview with the Kaiser?
1908.
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What did the Kaiser say in the Daily Telegraph interview?
G was a young and growing empire and wanted to expand her trade without limits. G needed a powerful navy to protect her trade/empire. British people were 'as mad as March Hares.'
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What effect did the Daily Telegraph interview have?
It greatly increased tension as it was at the height of the naval race and B felt insulted and threatened.
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When was the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and what did it say?
1902- They promised to help each other if one was attacked by more than one power. B now had an ally in the Far-East to prevent Russian expansion there.
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When was the Franco-Russian alliance and what did it say?
1893 - The terms of the agreement were defensive. Both agreed to join the other in war if either of them was attacked by G or A-H. They were reluctant alllies - R would have prefer to make an alliance with G but G are not interested.
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When was the Anglo-Russian agreement and what did it say?
1907 - R and B had supported F over the Algeciras crisis and this improved relations between them. The agreement was the solution to several overseas issues for B and R.
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What was the significance of the Franco-Russian alliance?
Europe was now split into two armed camps and G would have to fight a war on two fronts if war broke out.
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When was the naval arms race?
1906-1912.
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Why did Britain need a large navy?
It was an island, it also played a role in making agreements with F and R. It neededit to maintain trade and empire.
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What did the Kaiser and Admiral Tirpitz order to happen in 1898?
To build up the G navy rapidly so that it could directly rival B.
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How many dreadnoughts did Britain plan to build in 1909?
4.
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What was the slogan for the public campain for more drednoughts in 1909?
"We want 8 and we won't wait".
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How did the naval race lead to increased tension between Germany and Britain?
It involved the publics of both countries therefore they recongnised the other as the enemy. They would be therefore more likely to fight if war did break out. Countries now equipped for war - needs to justify expenditure.
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When was the arms race?
1900-1914.
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What was the purpose of having a large army according to military leaders?
To deter another country from invading (supported by manufacturers of arms).
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Britain was the only power not to have introduced what by 1914?
Conscription.
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How did the arms race lead to tension?
Every country sees others as a threat. Countrues are more likely to use their armies in the case of war as they feel that they are powerful enough.
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When was the Moroccan Crisis and what did the Kaiser do?
1905-06 - F feels that Morocco would be easy to take over so places her troops on border. The Kaiser wants land in Africa so visits Tangiers in March 1905 stating that G will support M as an independent country and wants to trade with it.
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What was France's reaction to the Kaiser's action in Tangiers (1905)?
F would have backed down but B supported her (strength of Entente Cordiale).
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When was the conference in Algeciras and what happened?
1906 - B and R supported F showing the strength of their alliances. Span and F get control of the police force and G promises to stay out of M.
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What were the results of the first Moroccan Crisis (1905-6)
Showed strength of Entente Cordiale, encourages B to make alliance with R (1907), Kaiser distrusts B, F and R - feels he is being encircled, he is more determined to take land.
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When was the Bosnian Crisis and what did Austria-Hungary do?
1908 - There was revolution in Turkey and A-H used this as an opportunity to ANNEX Turkish-controlled Bosnia.
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What was Serbia and Russia's reaction to the annexation of Bosnia? (1908)
Serbia wanted to control all Slavs so opposed the take over but was too weak to confront A-H alone so looked to R for help. R was annoyed that A-H had taken Bosnia without consulting her so backed demand for international conference.
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What was Austria-Hungry and Germany's reaction to the demand for an international conference? (1908)
A-H is supported by G (G has to support her as she is her only powerful ally). G threatens to declare war on R and S if they do not back down. R and S are not strong enough to fight G so are forced to back down.
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What were the results of the Bosnian Crisis (1908)?
A-H felt it had G full support which affected how it acted in 1914, Italy did not like A-H expanding into the Balklans so it becameless keen on the Triple Alliance, R and S had been humilated and wanted revenge, B, F and R all disliked G.
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When was the Second Moroccan Crisis (Agadir Crisis) and what happened?
1911 - F offered to compensate countries who wanted M. G wanted decent compensation so sent a gunboat to Agadir to 'protect G intrests'. B thought G was going to set up a naval base there so B, G and F began preparing for war until G backed down.
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What was the German gunboat called?
'The Panther'.
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What were the results of the Second Moroccan (Agadir) Crisis? (1911)
G got land in Congo, G felt humilated and would not back down again, G puplic opinion was beginning to support the idea of war, B was convinced that G wantedto dominate Europe, B reached a secret naval agreement with F, Italy opposed G over Agadir.
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Why did Britain end its policy of Splendid Isolation?
1898 G began to build up navy - felt threatened. 1899 the Boers rebelled against B and B had to fight in war. F and B had reached a number of agreements about colonies (1904), R was defeated in a war against Japan, B signed agreement with R (1907).
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Who were the Black Hang Gang and what did they want?
They were an organization of Serbian terrorists aimed at realising the ideal of the unification of all Serbians in greater Serbia.
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What did the Black Hand Gang attempt to do in 1911?
Assassinate Emperor Franz-Josef however they did not succeed.
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Who murdered Archduke Franz Ferdinand and when?
28th June 1914 - Gavrilo Princip (shot him in car alongside wife).
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What were the results of the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Started te war between A-H, Serbia, R and G.G wrote a blank cheque for A-H meaning that they could go to war and the assassination provided an excuse for this war that A-H had wanted for a long time.
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Why was it unlikely that the Serbian government had been involved in the attack?
S had just been involved in the Balkan Wars and needed time to recover.
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Who was Conrad von Hotzendorf and what reason did he give for goign to war with Serbia?
Leader of the war party in A - Said that all nationalities would demand independance and A-H would cease to exist; he had demanded war 25 times before 1914.
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Which point of the ultimation could Serbia not accept?
Point 6 - Tey would not allow delegates from A-H to investigate the matter, instead they were prepared to take the matter to the Internation Court of Hague or other great powers.
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When did Russia start preparing for war and why?
30th July - R had let down S over Bosnia (1908-9) and did not want to let her down or be humiliated again.
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What was the Schlieffen Plan?
G planned to defeat F within 6 weeks by attacking through neutral Belgium and then turn east for a major offensive on R who would take a long time to mobilise forces.
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What actually happened when the Schliffen Plan was attempted?
2nd Aug 1914 - G invaded Belgium but the Belgians put up resistance and due to the Treaty of London (1839) GB declared war on G. R mobilised forces in 10 days so G had to withdraw troops from F to protect Eastern border. G fought F in Paris and lost.
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What were the results of the Schlieffen Plan?
Brought F and B into war. Became a world war and B and F's empires got involved.
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Why did Britain join to war?
Belgium attacked (Treaty of London 1839), feared attack via sea, wanted to support F and stop G becoming too powerful, general dislike after naval race, Morocco etc.
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What was the Treaty of London and when was it signed?
1839 - Major powers promised to keep Belgium neutral and independant. When G attacked F through Belgium, B used this as an excuse to go to war with G.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Whay was Austria-Hungary concerned about Serbia?

Back

Serbia was encouraging the Serbians in A-H to rebel and declare independance - this was an issue as then all of the other nationalites in A-H would want independance.

Card 3

Front

Who was in the Triple Entente?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

When was the Triple Alliance formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When was the Triple Entente formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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