History HL: Alexander II (Tsar 1855-1881): The Tsar Liberator? 4.5 / 5 based on 3 ratings ? HistoryTsar Alexander IIInternational BaccalaureateNone Created by: FoxicCreated on: 04-05-15 18:58 When did Alexander II become Tsar? In 1855, during the Crimean War 1 of 28 When, and how did Alexander II die? 1881, after being shot by the terrorist group WUOHOUSFHUDFO 2 of 28 When was the Crimean War? 1853-1856 3 of 28 Define serf Someone owned by nobility/crown, bought/sold, forced to work, no legal rights. 4 of 28 What did serfs do? They worked the land, and could farm their own, and keep profits, if there was time spare. 5 of 28 At the start of Alexander II's reign, how much of the population was peasantry? 80% 6 of 28 What is a Tsar? Like the king of Russia. Russia's autocracy. Combined executive, legislative, and judiciary power. 7 of 28 Who was part of the Crimean War? Russia vs. Turkey (and later Britain and France) 8 of 28 What is the difference between a reformer and a revolutionary? A reformer wants to introduce reforms into the existing system. Revolutionaries want to overthrow the system. 9 of 28 Why would serfdom not be abolished? It was a measure of the power and wealth of the nobility 10 of 28 When was the Emancipation of the Serfs carried out, and by who? 1861 by Alexander II 11 of 28 What did the Crimean War show to Russia? Her military power was a myth! She also learnt the advantages of Western army, and industry 12 of 28 Was Alexander II a reformer, or a revolutionary? A reformer! 13 of 28 At the start of Alexander II's rule, what was the army like? A 25 year life-sentence, villages drew lots to see who got sent up. If you survived your term of service you would become an ex-serf. 14 of 28 Whaty of were the disadvantages of Russia's military in the mid-1800's? Extremely expensive to have 1 million men at once (as well as military colonies), and man 15 of 28 At the start of Alexander II's rule, what was the army like? A 25 year life-sentence, villages drew lots to see who got sent up. If you survived your term of service you would become an ex-serf. 16 of 28 What were the disadvantages of Russia's military in the mid-1800's? Extremely expensive to have 1 million men at once (as well as military colonies), and many were old. 17 of 28 Name the different reforms Alexander II introduced, and when. Emancipation (1861), zemstva, legal, military (1872), and education reforms 18 of 28 What can you liken Alexander II's reforms to? A chain reaction 19 of 28 What was the mir? A local peasant council made up of village elders. Helped to keep peasants backwards. 20 of 28 What was the zemstvo? A local government, dominated by nobility (with weighted votes), but peasants were also represented. 21 of 28 What legal reforms were introduced? Proceedings were conducted in public, uniform to all, jury system and independent judges introduced. 22 of 28 Why were the zemstvo and legal reforms introduced? The nobility had once governed as mini-Tsars. With their administrative power broken new structures had to be made. 23 of 28 What were the military reforms? Term of service reduced from 25 to 6 years, universal military service, brutal punishment, and military colonies abolished 24 of 28 What were the education reforms? Unis given more autonomy, uni students rose, courses on European gov't and philosophy taught, women allowed in, lifting of censorship 25 of 28 How did Russia develop her industry under Alexander II? Significant increase in railway building, 1870s. Industrial output increased, but not enough to catch up with Western powers. 26 of 28 Was the victory in the Russo-Turkish war due to Alexander II's military reforms? No. This war is described as being "between the one-eyed and the blind." 27 of 28 What would prevent Alexander II from making more reforms? Frequent terrorist attacks (admittedly by a minority) would seem ungrateful to him, and he would become increasingly bitter. 28 of 28
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