A war from 1945 to 1991, between the USA and the Soviet Union. There was a military and political tension between both powers.
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Why was it called the Cold War.
Both great powers had nuclear weapons, that was an enormous threat, however these enemies never got into real physical contact, so it is called the Cold War.
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Yalta conference Agreements
February 1945. 1)Stalin would enter war against Japan. 2)Division of Germany into 4 zones(USA, UK, US, France). 3)Hunt down Nazis responsible for genocide. 4)Countries would have elections. 5)UNO 6)Eastern Europe='soviet sphere of influence'.
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Yalta conference disagreements
Poland. Stalin wanted the USSR border to move into Poland, and Poland's border would move into German territory. C and R didnt agree, but Stalin's army controlled Germany and Poland so they agreed but Stalin Could attack Greece. (C and R feared com
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What happened in May 1945?
Hitler was defeated and killed himself.
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Potsdam conference problems
July-August 1945. 1)Stalin's armies occupied most of eastern Europe because as they liberated the countries they stayed there. 2)America had a new president; Roosevelt died, so his vice Truman came in. 3)The Allies (US) tested atomic bomb-Stalin one
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Potsdam conference Disagreements
1) Stalin wanted to disable Germany to protect USSR against future attacks. 2)Reparations. Stalin wanted Germany's compensation for WW2 but T didn't let. 3)At Yalta Stalin got eastern Europe pro-soviet, so T got aggressive.
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The 'Iron Curtain'
Stalin dominated eastern Europe. Churchill, in a speech, named the border between the Soviet-controlled and the West an 'Iron Curtain'. It stuck.
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What was the Hiroshima?
By May 1945, the Japanese were clearly losing the war in the Pacific; they started making requests for a peace. In August 3 they surrendered but were rejected, so Truman's men dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan killing 117,000 people.
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What was the Nagasaki?
Three days later, on 9 August, the Americans dropped another bomb, on Nagasaki, and the Japanese surrendered.
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Why was the Hiroshima bomb dropped?
1)the Japanese were on the verge of surrender in August 1945. 2)Truman wanted to end war before USSR got involved and took land. 3)the bomb was dropped to impress the Soviets, and persuade them to relax their grip on eastern Europe.
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Greece 1946
By 1946 Greece and Turkey were the only easter countries that weren't controlled by communists. Greece had a civil war to fight against communism, together with Britain. In 1947, Uk couldn't have soldiers in Greece, so Truman paid for them.
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Turkey 1947
Truman noted that Turkey too was in danger from Soviet aggression, so Congress voted to give aid to Turkey as well.
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The Truman Doctrine
Now, on 12 March 1947, Truman told Americans that it was America’s DUTY to interfere. His policy towards the Soviet Union was one of containment. he did not try to destroy the USSR, but he wanted to stop it growing any more.‘Truman Doctrine.'
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The Marshall Aid
In July 1947, The American general George Marshall went to Europe and found it so poor communism would strike. He said USA would give $17 billion to get Europe's economy and prevent communism.
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Cominform
The Soviet Union hated Marshall aid. Instead, in October 1947, he set up Cominform. Every Communist party in Europe joined. This allowed Stalin control of the Communists in Europe.
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The Berlin Blockade
In June 1948, Stalin introduced the Berlin Blockade, which was a siege. It prevented supplies from getting to West Berlin, so the United States decided to send supplies by air. On 12 May 1949, Stalin re-opened the borders.
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What cause the BB?
CABAN. Cold War, Aims(Stalin wanted to destroy Germany), Bizonia(USA and UK joined their parts of Germany), American Aid(Marshall Aid), New Currency(USA and UK created for Germany).
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Results of BB
CENA. Cold war(got worse almost start all-out war), East and West Germany(UK, US, France were East-Stalin was West), NATO and warsaw pact.
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The NATO pact
It was becoming increasingly clear that no European force would be strong enough to stop the Red Army if Stalin attacked, so in March 1949 the Brussels Pact opened secret negotiations with the Americans, and in April 1949 the North Atlantic Treaty wa
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why was it called the Cold War.
Back
Both great powers had nuclear weapons, that was an enormous threat, however these enemies never got into real physical contact, so it is called the Cold War.
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