Co-ordinating work (war, finances...), access to important files, Secret police reported back to him, gaines loyalty (50'000 members recruited, badly educated), promoted suppoweters
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Who did Stalin promote
Molotov, Kalinin, Voroshilow, Kirov
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Stalin dealing with his opponents DATE
1924-1928
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Left wing opponents
Trotsky (leader of red army) , Zinoviev, Kamenev (both had a strong power base as party secretaries) Zinoviev in Leningrad and Kamenev in Moscow
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Right wing opponents
Bukharin (Young, "golden boy") , Tomsky (Trade Union representative), Rykov (succeeded Lenin as chair of the sovnarkom)
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What did the people on the left want?
permanent revolution, encouraged communism around the world, breaking with NEP
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Wat did the people on the right want?
Stick to NEP, some private and public ownership
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Left wing purge DATE
1926, accused of forming factions, expelled form Politburo and the Party, Zinoviev and Kamenev readmitted after renouncing their previous views, Trotsky exiled
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'Right Oppisiton' group emerged DATE
1928, after 1st 5 Year Plan announced right was concerned that removal of NEP --> Food reduction,
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Stalin methods in dealing with the right
Foundatrion of Leninism (Easy to read, for naive politicians), undermining Bukharin (accusations of forming factions, secret meetings with left, Trotsky sayings), critising NEP,
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Right wing purge
1929, Bukharin forced to admit error, removed from posts, collective leadership removed (declared by Lenin 1924), removed their power and positions
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Key instrument of terror
Party Secretariat (collected info on party members), NKVD 1934, arrests torture and executions, Gulags, dominated whole police force
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Chistka DATE (non violent purge)
1932-35, non violent process, purging because party had difficulties launching first 5 Year Plan and collectivisation, slow speed of policies carried out (22% members removed who slowed process down), Kamenev Zinoviev, Bukharin, Tomsky, Rykov
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Great Purge When?
1930's, wave of terror, targeted people with fake accusations, people sent to Gulags
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What was Stalin criticised for?
Personal Dictatorship, Brutality of collectivisation, unrealistic targets, 17th party congress (Kirov spoke out against Stalin)
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Murder of Kirov DATE
2st Dec. 1934, assassination by Nikolayev, Stalins oders?, blamed Kamenev and Zinoviev (arrested and imprisoned)
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The show trials
seemed fair but were tortured to admit non existing crimes before, filmed to use for propaganda and intimdation
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The Trial of the 16 DATE
1935, Kamenev and Zinoviev, accused for Trotsky loyalties, undermining state, death penalty
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The Trial of the 17 DATE
1937, Left wing, accused for working with Trotsky, links to foreign govnt, opposing economy, death penalty
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The Trial of the 21 DATE
1938, Right wing, Tomsky (suicide), Bukharin und Rykov, Working with Trotsky, death penalty
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Purge of the Red Army DATE
1937-38, 3/5 marshals, 14/16 army commanders, 35'000 officers (shot or imprisoned), not doing a good job on collectivisation
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Purge of the Secret Police DATE
1936, Yagoda replaced by Yezhov (responsible for 3000 purged within NKVD in 6 months), Yezhov dismissed in 1938
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The Soviet Constitution
1936, because of war needed allies on his side so made his country seem like a democracy but in reality was still a dictatorship
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Soviet Constitution was democratic
Every citizen got a vote, bourgeois, Kulaks and Priests granted the vote, freedom of press and organisation, guarantee of emplyment
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Soviet Constitution dictatorship
restrictions, dominance of party, party allowed to stand in elections
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Stalin's power WW2 DATE
1941-1945, GKO state defence committee, effective organisation, terror reduced (needed men), some people released from Gulags, propaganda that appealed to nationalists, symbol of unity
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High Stalinism DATE
1945-1953, terror reinforced, Mingrelian Affair, Doctors Plot
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Mingrelian Affair DATE
1951, purge of party in Georgia (people of mingrelian ethnicity), removed Berias allies, Beria was mingrelian
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Doctors Plot DATE
Group of doctors arrested, Anti USSR Semitism?, first step to eliminate Beria?, Stalin died before it could take palce
30 of 30
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Co-ordinating work (war, finances...), access to important files, Secret police reported back to him, gaines loyalty (50'000 members recruited, badly educated), promoted suppoweters
Back
Stalin as General Secretary
Card 3
Front
Molotov, Kalinin, Voroshilow, Kirov
Back
Card 4
Front
1924-1928
Back
Card 5
Front
Trotsky (leader of red army) , Zinoviev, Kamenev (both had a strong power base as party secretaries) Zinoviev in Leningrad and Kamenev in Moscow
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