History- Tudors Henry VIII

Anne Askew

A young woman who was tortured and burned at the stake in 1546 for distributing Protestant literature, which was illegal under Henry's reign.

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Anne Boleyn

Henry's 2nd wife, and mother of his second daughter Queen Elizabeth I. She and Henry were married secretly in January 1533. Part of the reformation, beheaded for treason in May 1536, after having allegedly betrayed the king.

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Anne of Cleves

Henry's 4th wife, married Henry January 1540, Thomas Cromwell urged them to marry, divorced 6 months later.

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Catherine of Aragon

FOA+IOC-daughter. Henry's 1st wife, daughter Queen Mary I. Widow of Prince Arthur, 1509- married Henry by pope dispensation. No sons, divorce-1533, reformation.

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Catherine Howard

Henry's fifth wife, and niece of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. She and Henry were married in July 1540. She was beheaded for treason in 1542 after engaging in several extramarital affairs.

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Catherine Parr

Henry's sixth and last wife, she was married to the king–the third of her four husbands–in 1543. She outlived Henry and was reputed to be a very thoughtful, caring companion to him during his last years.

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Clement VII

Pope who refused to grant Henry a dispensation to divorce Catherine of Aragon.

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Edward VI

Henry's only legitimate son, heir to the throne upon his father's death. Born in 1537, his mother was Jane Seymour. Reigned over England as King Edward VI from 1547–1553.

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Elizabeth

Henry's second daughter, born in 1533, her mother was Anne Boleyn. After her sister, Queen Mary I died, she acceded to the throne and reigned over England as Queen Elizabeth I from 1556–1603.

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Elizabeth of York

Henry's mother, daughter of King Edward IV. She relinquished her hereditary claim to the throne of England when she agreed to marry Henry VII.

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Francois I

King of France from 1515–1547, and frequent military rival to Henry. France was a major European power under his rule, and his chief opponent, was Charles V.

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Henry VII

Henry's father, King of England from 1485–1509. Defeated and killed King Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field, ending the War of the Roses. Stabilized his military takeover of the government by marrying Elizabeth of York.

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Henry VIII

Born in 1491, King of England from April 1509-January 1547. Responsible for England's formal break with the Roman Catholic Church in 1534, when he was declared Supreme Head on Earth of the Church of England.

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James V

King of Scotland from 1513–1542, he fought a war with England after allying with the French in 1542. His armies were routed at the battle of Solway Moss.

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Jane Seymour

Henry's third and probably his most beloved wife. She married the king in 1536 and died in childbed the following year after giving birth to their son Edward.

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John Lambert

Prominent martyr for the Protestant faith, his show-trial–presided over by Henry–and his torture and burning at the stake in 1538 marked the onset of heightened suppression of Protestant heresy by Henry's government.

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Mary I

Daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, born in 1516. She remained staunchly Catholic, and when she reigned over England as Queen Mary I from 1553–1556, she received the nickname "Bloody Mary" for her persecutions of Protestant heretics.

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Norfolk, Thomas Howard

Member of king's council, leader of the catholic faction of Henry's court, imprisoned but not executed in 1546 on suspicion of treason. Famed for victory against the Scots at Flodden in 1513, when he was Lord High Admiral.

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Sir Thomas More

Lawyer, leading scholar of English humanism, Lord Chancellor of England from 1529–1532, resigned after break with Rome. Imprisoned and beheaded for refusing to swear to the Oath of Succession, he is honored by Catholics as a martyr and Saint.

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Stephen Gardiner

Bishop of Winchester, member of the Privy Council. One of the king's ablest advisers on political/religious matters. Led catholic faction in the gov alongside the Duke of Norfolk, framed 6 articles.

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Thomas Cranmer

Archbishop of Canterbury from 1533–1556; presided over Henry's divorce from COA in May 1533. Liked Protestantism, friend/adviser to the king until Henry's death 1547.

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Thomas Cromwell

Member-Henry's council from 1531–1540, chief architect of reformation, put into effect the 1534 Act of Supremacy. Made Viceregent in 1535, arranged marriage to Anne of cleves, executed for treason and abetting heresy in 1540.

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Thomas Wolsey

Cardinal and Archbishop of York from 1514–1530, and Henry's Lord Chancellor from 1515–1529, king's leading adviser, in charge of government/many foreign policy decisions. He was charged with high treason in 1530 after failing to persuade the Pope.

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William Tyndale

Leading Protestant in the 1520s; fled England in 1524 and translated the Bible into English. Henry's government prohibited the printing and distribution of this text in England.

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History- Tudors Henry VIII

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