History - Germany 1919-1945

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Why did Germany become involved with WW1?
Germany became involved after the trigger of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand happened. Germany were allies to Austria who were being fought against. Also Germany was an upcoming country who wanted to enlarge their empire.
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Why did Germany lose WW1?
Germany was a weaker country than those who were fighting against it and we struggling to make ground within the war. Furthermore Britain's navy were stopping food supplies reaching the country so those at home were also suffering.
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What did the Treaty of Versailles mean for Germany?
The five main areas that affected Germany were: Blame - Germany had to take the blame for starting the war, Land - They lost a lot of their land to other countries, Army - Their army was massively reduced, Reparations - Which they had to pay.
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What did the Treaty of Versailles mean for Germany - Carried on?
Empire - Germany lost much of its empire reducing its power over other countries.
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Why was the first German Democracy created?
When Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated there was an uprising from the Sparticists - Communists and the Freikorps - Ex-servicemen. In January 1919 the Sparticists uprising took place but they were defeated by the Freikorps, this lead to the Weimar Republic.
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What was the Kapp Putsch?
The Kapp Putsch was led by the Freikorps and their leader Wolfgang Kapp he hoped people would return to traditional German values however the President ordered the workers went on strike and so the putsch collapsed, especially once the leaders fled.
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What was the Munich Putsch?
The Munich Putsch - 1923 was where the Nazis took over the Bavarian government and tried to persuade them to help. However when they were freed they told the police and when the putsch took place there was gunfire and the putsch collapsed.
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What was the Munich Putsch - Carried on?
Hitler was arrested and sent to prison where he was given 'special treatment".
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How did the loss of WW1 affect the German economy?
Through the Treaty of Versaille Germany was required to pay £6600 million in reparations however the Germany economy could not afford this, they had to loan money which would later affect them with the Wall Street Crash and hyperinflation took over.
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What was hyperinflation and how did it affect Germany?
Hyperinflation meant that the prices of everyday items were rapidly increasing, in 1918 a loaf of bread cost 0.63 marks in 1923 it cost 200,000 million marks.
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Who won during hyperinflation?
The winners during hyperinflation were anyone with debt who could now easily clear it, anyone with foreign currency who could change it for marks and buy things they dreamed off, and rich businesses could buy up smaller ones.
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Who lost during hyperinflation?
The losers during hyperinflation were anyone with savings or a fixed income. Peoples savings were worth nothing and people were exchanging family heirlooms for food.
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Why did the French invade the Ruhr?
The French invaded the Ruhr when the Germans asked for another moratorium this meant they wanted more time to pay the reparations however France had previously allowed this and so this time they said no.
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Why did the French invade the Ruhr - Carried on?
They invaded as it was the richest industrial area in Western Germany this was hard on Germany because they had a reduced army which could not take on France in order to regain control of the Ruhr.
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How far was Stresemann the hero of Weimar?
Stresemann was appointed chancellor and the first problem he wanted to solve was hyperinflation in order to do this he introduced a new currency this being the Rentenmark. Also he agreed to the Dawes Plan which provided Germany with loans from USA.
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How high were living standards under the Weimar Republic?
In the early stages after the war food shortages were common and living standards were low however with the introduction of money and the welfare state standards improved.
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What did the Welfare State provide?
Unemployment benefit for those out of work, shelter and food for those with nowhere to live.
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How golden was the 'Golden Age' of Weimar?
By the mid-1920s Berlin was lively full of nightclubs, art, literature, film, theatre and music. People enjoyed themselves and lived happy lives completely different to the years beforehand.
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How significant was Hitler within the Weimar Republic?
After Hitler tried the Munich Putsch he was sentenced to time in jail for high treason however he only served 9 months in which he wrote his book. He clashed with the leaders of Weimar because he wanted a dictatorship not a democracy.
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How was Hitler able to come to power in Germany?
Hitler had grown the Nazis throughout the past years and was gaining grown within politics as the amount of seats within the Reichstag rose in 1930 they had 107 out of 577 seats.
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How was Hitler able to come to power in Germany - Carried on?
In 1933 Hitler was appointed chancellor and gained 288 seats out of 647, around the same time was the Reichstag fire and the Enabling Act was passed. Within this he banned all other parties and when Hindenburg became ill, Hitler became Fuhrer.
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Where did the Nazi Party come from?
Hitler originally joined the German Workers Party before becoming an amazing speaker and propagandist and taking over the party. He proceeded to change the name and that is where the Nazis were formed a nationalist party wanting Germany to be strong.
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Where was the Swastika created?
During Hitler's time in prison he created the red flag along with the swastika and this is also where the one armed salute came from.
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Did the Munich Putsch pose a threat to the regime?
Although it was expected to ruin the parties confidence the trial was widely publicised and Hitler became a sort of 'celebrity'. This helped to grow the party massively and made them bigger than ever.
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How important was Hitler in the success of the Nazis?
Without Hitler the party would have taken a very different approach he was a dramatic speaker and managed to get the party taken seriously. They stood apart from other parties but people looked to extremist parties in times of distress.
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Who were the men who helped Hitler come to power?
Hermann Goering, Josef Goebbels, Ernst Rohm and Heinrich Himmler.
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How did the Wall Street Crash affect Germany's economy?
Within the Dawes Plan Germany had lent money of the USA so when the WSC happened they started to demand their money back this was hard for Germany as they were already struggling with the reparation payments.
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Who supported the Nazis?
The people who were most likely to support the Nazis were male, under 30 living in a rural area and middle-class. They were possibly a white-collar worker or a civil servant who were more than likely protestant.
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Why was the SA so important to the Nazis?
The SA provided many people with shelter and food therefore lots of people joined they were responsible for keeping security at meetings and getting the message out through marches and distributing leaflets.
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How far had the democracy stopped working by January 1933?
Another there was an attempt at a coalition government this failed and people looked to other parties to take over the President struggled with who to pick as chancellor and so the Nazis grew during this time.
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Why were the Nazis successful after 1929?
After the disaster of the Weimar Republic Hitler had slowly been growing his party although he had not been getting many votes they party had been on the rise. With their fresh ideas which were very different people began to be interested in them.
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Why was Hindenburg so reluctant to appoint Hitler as chancellor?
Hindenburg had slowly began to distance himself from politics however favour the right-wing parties when the extremist parties were rising he became influenced by people who said Hitler could be controlled also Hitler had the largest party.
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Why was the Reichstag Fire so useful to Hitler?
People believed the fire was started by a communist and by getting Hindenburg to allow Hitler to rule he eliminated the communists, his greatest competition. This was highly beneficial in the run up to the vote.
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What did the Enabling Act actually do?
The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to have more power than the President, within the Enabling Act Hitler could ban all the other political parties so his party could win the election.
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How did Hitler build the one-party state?
After the Enabling Act Hitler was basically Dictator and all the other parties were banned. When it came to The Night of the Long Knives people began to see the true Hitler who was violent and vicious.
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What role did the ** play in controlling the Nazi State?
The ** were very powerful at both a national and local level, they came up with ways of how to remove the undesirables and how to produce the desirables. These being the Final Solution and Nazi hotels where Nazi babies could be conceived.
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What role did the Gestapo play in Nazi Germany?
The Gestapo were the secret police who were required to watch people they thought were against the Nazis and remove these people from the local society. This involved people telling on members of their own family in order to protect the Nazis.
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How did the Nazis use the media to exercise control?
The Nazis controlled every aspect of the media, this was to make sure people only viewed things approved by the Nazis. This was a massive push by the Nazis fro propaganda and as everyone listened to Nazi ideas including children more people joined.
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Why did so many Germans believe in Hitler?
Josef Goebbels who was in charge of propaganda pushed the Nazi message on people so hard they could not resist it, this use of propaganda helped win the hearts and votes of many German people.
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Why was Hitler so popular?
Although many of his ideas were extreme Hitler still offered solutions to many of Germanys problems. He spoke about making Germany a strong and stable country with a good economic balance. After previous years many people wanted national pride.
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Who opposed the Nazi regime in Germany?
The main political opposition was from left-wing parties such as Socialists and Communists whilst the religious opposition came from the Churches.
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What were the 3 types of youth resistance?
The Edelweiss Pirates, The Swing Youth and The White Rose Group.
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Why did the Nazis intimidate groups outside the People's Community?
The Nazis were depicted as a very violent group people were hight scared of what the Nazis would do if they said nothing bad about them. Hitler made it clear what he was looking for in a race and he was not afraid to kill for what he wanted.
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How did the Nazis isolate their enemies?
Hitler made a variety of laws against the Jews meaning they lost their jobs, houses etc. Also they used sterilisation and euthanasia in order to separate people from each other. Finally isolation meant people were placed into 'protective custody'.
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How far was Kristallnacht a turning point in the Nazi treatment of the Jews?
Kristallnacht was the main shift in the Nazis behaviour towards the Jews and was the beginning of the Final Solution with the leaders now feeling confident in genocide. Kristallnacht was the main start for mass violence towards Jews.
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What was it like to live in Nazi Germany?
The Nazis had an idea who they wanted to support them and who they didn't by using youth groups they attacked lots of young people to join and support them. Also the 'Strength Through Joy' campaign meant that people enjoyed themselves.
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What was it like to live in Nazi Germany - Continued?
However some people lived in fear that they would be reported to the authorities over something they said or did. Those who were non-aryan lived in the most fear as most of the Nazi violence was against them.
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What did children learn in Nazi schools?
Children were ordered to maintain obedience and discipline whilst at school. The Nazis altered many of the subjects to categorise people of other races and define them by physical features.
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How did children spend their time outside of school?
There was a variety of youth clubs for children to be involved in such as: Cubs, Young German Boys and Hitler Youth - For the boys/Young German Girls, League of German Girls and Faith and Beauty - For the girls.
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How successful was Nazi youth policy?
Some people argue that it wasn't successful because lots of youth resisted the Nazi regime whereas some people said it was successful because some youth worshipped Hitler like a pop star.
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What role did women play in the Nazi state?
Hitler wanted the Nazis to behave with specific traditional values he used Nazi propaganda to give them specific advice on what to do. Hitler preferred them to remain at home and be a housewife instead of going to work.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why did Germany lose WW1?

Back

Germany was a weaker country than those who were fighting against it and we struggling to make ground within the war. Furthermore Britain's navy were stopping food supplies reaching the country so those at home were also suffering.

Card 3

Front

What did the Treaty of Versailles mean for Germany?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did the Treaty of Versailles mean for Germany - Carried on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why was the first German Democracy created?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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