History - Communist Government in the USSR (Theme 1)

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What were the causes of the Feb. Revolution?
Lack of food / poverty / war-weariness and disillusionment with the Tsar
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What were the aims and outcomes of the Feb. Revolution?
More liberal society/ provisional government established/ power shared with the soviets and continuation of war
2 of 80
What were the causes of the Oct. Revolution?
Lenin's return to Russia, Lenin's April thesis/ growing discontent among soldiers and Bolshevik organisations
3 of 80
Aims and outcomes of the Oct. Revolution?
'Peace, Bread, Land'/ 'All Power to the Soviets'/ 'Genuine workers' revolution' and a socialist society
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Who came up with the idea of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat?
Karl Marx
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What is the Dictatorship of the Proletariat?
The transitional stage between capitalism and communism
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When did the All-Russian Congress of Soviets meet?
In June and October of 1917
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What was Sovnarkom?
The new Russian Cabinet
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How many did the first Sovnarkom comprise of?
13 Commisars
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What was the purpose of the Constituent Assembly?
For an elected body of representatives from a wide array of political parties to meet and draw up a new democratic constitution for Russia
10 of 80
Who were the Cheka?
The first secret police to be created during the post-revolutionary period
11 of 80
Give 1 example of something the Cheka did and where
Oryol, froze people and turned prisoners into ice statues
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Before 1917 what was Russia like?
It was ruled by Tsars and the economy was mainly agricultural
13 of 80
When did Tsar Nicholas II rule?
1894 to 1917
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What did Nicholas II intend to do which led to his execution?
Sought to rule without advisers and resisted change. Also led country into disastrous war, 1914
15 of 80
Name 2 popular decrees during the early months in power
Decree on Land (0ct.1917) and Decree of Peace (Oct.1917)
16 of 80
Why was the first Sovnarkom so disorganised?
They were refused funds by the Russian State Bank
17 of 80
What happened in March 1918 which led to a turn away from democracy?
The approvement of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany
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Name another even which led to the turn away from democracy in 1918
The Civil War
19 of 80
What did Bukharin argue had to be abandoned to win the Civil War?
Formal democracy
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What did Lenin do which led to the turn away from democracy?
Refused to recognise the election results of November 1917 which gave majority to the SRs
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What did Lenin close in January 1918?
The Constituent Assembly
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How many sat on the Politburo?
5-7 members
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Who were the nomenklatura?
Party members trusted to obey orders and worked outside and apart from the multi-party soviets
24 of 80
Who organised and disciplined the Red Army?
Leon Trostky
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What did War Communism do to the economy?
Centralised control
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Why were their grain requisitions?
To feed the soldiers and workers
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When was the Tambov Rebellion?
January 1921
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How many fighters took part in the Tambov Rebellion?
50,000
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What sparked the Kronstadt Rebellion?
The Red Army attacking striking workers
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What did the Krondstadt sailors demand?
A series of reforms
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What were the demands of the Krondstadt sailors?
Free elections of soviets, release of political prisoners and the abolition of the Cheka
32 of 80
Name 2 opposition groups to the Bolsheviks?
Workers' Opposition and the Democratic Centralists
33 of 80
What did the Workers' Opposition want?
To reintroduce workers' control of industry
34 of 80
What did the Democratic Centralist want?
More democracy in localities and a return to the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
35 of 80
What was the governments response to the Tambov Rebellion?
Sent in the Red Army and deported 100,000 to labour camps
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Who was arrested in Feb1921 by the Cheka? --> Menshevik Leader
Theodore Dan
37 of 80
What did Lenin introduce at the 1921 Congress?
The NEP
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What did Lenin pass at the 1921 Congress?
On Party Unity or the Ban on Factions
39 of 80
When did the Nazis invade Russia?
June 1941
40 of 80
Who did Stalin give more power to in response to the Nazi invasion?
The state
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What did Stalin end during the Nazi invasion?
Terror against state administrators
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When was the Leningrad Affair?
1949
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In Leningrad how many Party officials were shot? and how many arrested?
100 shot and 2000 arrested
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What was the initial cause of the Purges?
Opposition from within the Politburo from 1932 by Kirov
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What did Kirov do that angered Stalin?
He defended Ryutin and prevented his execution
46 of 80
What did Kirov argue for in 1933?
More realistic 5-Year Plan targets
47 of 80
In the congress of victors how many votes did Kirov get and how many did Stalin get?
Kirov = 1225 and Stalin = 927
48 of 80
When was Kirov Assassinated?
December 1934
49 of 80
When was the Trial of the 16 and which former rivals were executed?
1936 and Zinoviev and Kamenev
50 of 80
When was the Trial of the 17 and who was executed/imprisoned?
1937 and former supporters of Trostky
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When was the Trial of the 21 and who was executed?
1938 and Bukharin
52 of 80
In 1837 how many senior generals tried to overthrow the government?
8
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After the trial of the 8 senior generals, how many officers were purged from the Red Army?
37,000
54 of 80
During the show trials, what percentage of those affected were male?
95%
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How old were the Party members who were on the show trials?
30-45
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During 1929-39 on estimate how many Kulaks were sent to labour camps
24 million
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How many of the Kulaks sent to labour camps in 1929-39 died there?
13 million
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In 1940 what happened to Trotsky?
He was assassinated in his home in Mexico
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What arguably did Beria start?
De-stalinisation
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What did Beria reduce the power of?
The MVD
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How did Beria reduce the power of the MVD?
By ending the use of forced labour for construction and by shifting construction to the ministries
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In March 1953 who was given amnesty?
Non-political prisoners on short-term sentences
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What did Beria investigate?
Past executions, resulting in 4260 communists being rehabillitated
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Who did Khrushchev work with in 1953-4?
Malenkov
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What did Khrushchev and Malenkov want to improve?
Living standards and enrich Soviet Culture
66 of 80
When was Khrushchev's secret speech?
1956, February
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At which party congress was the secret speech presented?
The 20th party congress
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What Khrushchev claim Stalin had done?
Abandon collective leadership/ placed himself top of the Party/ made mistakes such as purging Red Army before WW2 and ordered the deaths of hundreds of thousands of innocent people
69 of 80
When was the Hungarian revolt?
October to November 1956
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What did Khrushchev declare on New Years Eve 1956?
We are all Stalinists
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Who demonstrated in 1957 and where and why?
Students at Moscow State University in favour of multi-party democracy
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When was the 22nd Party Congress?
October 1961
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What did Khrushchev accuse Stalin of doing at the 22nd Party Congress?
Involvement in Kirov's murder
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What did the Congress vote to do with Stalin's body?
Remove it from the Lenin Mausoleum and bury it in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
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What did the Stability of Cadres limit?
Opportunities for promotion
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What was prominent in Brezhnev's government which came as a result of the lack of discipline?
Corruption - abuse against power to gain money
77 of 80
How many months did Andropov lead the USSR before he died?
15 months
78 of 80
Name 2 of the anti campaigns that Andropov started
Anti-alcohol and anti-corruption
79 of 80
How many months did Chernenko rule the USSR before he died?
13 months
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What were the aims and outcomes of the Feb. Revolution?

Back

More liberal society/ provisional government established/ power shared with the soviets and continuation of war

Card 3

Front

What were the causes of the Oct. Revolution?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Aims and outcomes of the Oct. Revolution?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who came up with the idea of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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