HISTORY - CAUSES OF CRIME

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  • Created by: hollyp123
  • Created on: 09-06-19 14:45
What was there a sharp increase of in the 16th and 17th centuries?
Vagrancy and heresy.
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What is vagrancy?
Wandering from place to place without a settled home or a job.
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What is heresy?
Religious opinions/views that contradict the official religion of the country.
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What were there a sharp rise of in the 16th century? (2)
Poverty and in the number of people being classified as poor.
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What were the two types of poor?
Impotent and able-bodied.
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What were the impotent poor?
Those genuinely unable to work.
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What were the able-bodied poor?
Those capable of work but who were unwilling to find employment.
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What caused the growth in poverty? (9)
Bad harvests, changes in farming methods, rack renting, rural depopulation, ending of foreign wars, changes in cloth industry, rising pop., rising inflation & dissolution of monasteries.
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How did bad harvests cause the growth in poverty?
Caused a sharp rise in food prices & starvation for the poor.
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How did changes in farming methods cause the growth in poverty?
The switch from crop to sheep farming which was less labour intensive.
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How did rack renting cause the growth in poverty?
A rise in rents caused many tenant farmers to give up their farms and drift to the towns.
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How did rural depopulation contribute to the growth in poverty?
Poor harvests, changes in farming methods and higher rents caused workers to drift from the countryside to the towns.
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How did the ending of foreign wars contribute to the growth in poverty?
Demobbed soldiers wandered the countryside in gangs in search of work.
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How did the changes in the cloth industry contribute to the growth in poverty?
A collapse in the cloth trade in the late 16th c. caused higher unemployment.
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How did the rising population contribute to the growth in poverty?
The pop. of England & Wales almost doubled between 1500 and 1600, increasing demand for jobs, housing & food.
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How did rising inflation contribute to the growth in poverty?
Meant people's wages were unable to keep up with the rising prices.
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How did the dissolution of monasteries contribute to the growth in poverty?
Henry VIII closed all monasteries, which had taken care of people when they were desperate.
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What were vagrants forced to do? (3)
Beg for food and money, often resorted to petty stealing and fraud.
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Under whose reign did this become a serious problem?
Elizabeth I.
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What caused the increase in heresy in the 16th century?
The Protestant Reformation which spread across Western Europe.
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When did Henry VIII reign? Which religion did he belong to?
1509 - 1547, catholic.
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What did he change/keep the same in relation to religion when he reigned?
King replaces Pope as head of Church. Church services & prayers remain in Latin and Priests not allowed to marry.
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When did Edward VI reign? Which religion did he belong to?
1547 - 1553, protestant.
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What did he change/keep the same in relation to religion when he reigned?
King was head of Church, church services & new prayer book with prayers in English, Priests allowed to marry.
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When did Mary I reign? Which religion did she belong to?
1553 - 1558, catholic.
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What did she change/keep the same in relation to religion when she reigned?
Pope was head of Church, church services in Latin, new prayer book banned & Priests and their wives had to separate.
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When did Elizabeth I reign? Which religion did she belong to?
1558 - 1603, protestant.
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What did she change/keep the same in relation to religion when she reigned?
Queen = 'governor' of Church, church services & new prayer book in English and Welsh, Priests allowed to marry.
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What laws did Henry VIII introduce? What did they state? (3)
A set of treason laws which stated that those who said/wrote things against the Monarch, displayed support for the Pope, or questioned royal authority was guilty of treason and executed.
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When did changes in agriculture mean for many farm workers in the 18th & 19th centuries?
They lost their jobs and had to migrate to the new industrial towns in search of work.
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Which industrial towns grew rapidly? (5)
Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil and Birmingham.
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What did urbanisation cause? (2)
Overcrowding and squalid living conditions.
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What did this lead to? (2)
Rise in crime levels and the emergence of new types of crime.
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What resulted in new opportunities for crime in the 20th century?
Changes in society related to the development of technology.
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Which common crimes in previous centuries continued into the 20th century? (4)
Theft, robbery, assault and murder.
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Why did crime figures suggest that crime increased during the 20th century? (3)
Increased reporting & recording of crime and increases in some types of crime.
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Name 3 reasons why crime increased in the 20th century.
Inner-city gang culture resulting in increased gun & knife related crime, changes in technology such as cars, computers & the internet provide new opportunities for crime, the impact of tv, which has led to copy-cat actions.
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Name another 3 reasons why crime increased in the 20th century.
Environment factors such as poor quality housing & high rise flats in inner-city areas, quicker & faster communications and misuse of drugs & alcohol.
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Name another 3 reasons why crime increased in the 20th century.
Break-up of the social structure and a decline in traditional values & moral standards, lenient sentencing for some crimes by the courts and poverty & deprivation forced some individuals into crime.
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What are the five new causes of crime?
Cars, computers, football hooliganism, drugs and guns & knives.
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How have cars become new causes of crime?
Increased car ownership has resulted in motoring offences continually growing to become the biggest category of offending. Car crime involves people from across the social classes.
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How have computers become new causes of crime?
Rise of home computer in 1980s & the internet in 1990s has led to an increase from stealing computers and modern mobile devices to internet fraud, as well as illegally copying music & films.
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How has football hooliganism become new causes of crime?
Been a problem since 1970s and is often associated with gang culture. Often results in fighting and/or the attacking of property.
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How have drugs become new causes of crime?
Drug smuggling has emerged as an international business with gangs using planes, drones, boats, trucks & people to smuggle drugs. Drug users often had to resort to crime to feed their drug habits.
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How have guns and knives become new causes of crime?
Associated with drugs & juvenile gangs. Gang members carry knives & sometimes guns for protection. Has happened due to lack of opportunity for young people & breakdown of family values.
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What has there been an increase of in the 21st century?
Violence to achieve political objectives.
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Who are the IRA, when did they operate and what did they want?
Irish Republican Army, a nationalist group dedicated to ending British rule in Northern Ireland and in Mainland Britain between the 1970s and 1990s.
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Which global terrorist groups has Britain become increasingly threatened by in recent decades?
ISIS and al-Qaeda.
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What do terrorist actions often attract?
Widespread media attention.
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Who does it put pressure on?
Governments and organisations.
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What has there also been a growth of and what has it resulted in?
Fundamentalism, resulting in the appearance of terrorist groups with strong beliefs.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is vagrancy?

Back

Wandering from place to place without a settled home or a job.

Card 3

Front

What is heresy?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What were there a sharp rise of in the 16th century? (2)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What were the two types of poor?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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