History and Theory of Psychology ( Week 2 ) Part 2

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  • Created by: Anjelala
  • Created on: 18-01-18 01:02
What is the 'implications today' of the question 'How does the world get into my mind?''
-we have understanding of how world stimulates our senses and how the stimulation translates into neural events
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What are the five Q's raised by 'the problem of perception'?
1)how does world get into my mind? 2)does mind represent reality? 3)What's the relationship between mental representation+actual reality? 4)how to be sure that representation actually represent reality? 5) Is reality an illusion ?
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What is the Binding problem ?
- How do seemingly independent neural events give rise to a unified experience of the world ?
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It's generally accepted that the material and the physical world is casually ...
closed and determined .
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material and physical world is casually closed and determined , what does this mean ?
every event can be explained by a preceding cause
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Every event can be explained by a preceding cause - What question does this raise?
- If so how is Free will possible ?
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Events in my body are caused by ....
Preceding states of my body
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Events in my body are cause by preceding states of my body - What question does this raise?
- If so , why does it feel like I can act any way I want ? - Is free will an illusion ?
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What is the implication today of the problem of Free Will?
-How do we make decisions about anything ? e.g.- who to vote for , what to buy
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What is a less extreme version of substance Dualism ?
- Property Dualism
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State 2 ideas of the mind in terms of property dualism ?
1) Mind isn't different substance than the body , but body has both mental and physical properties 2)Mind and consciousness can be described as a physiological phenomenon with some subjective properties.
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what is another word for 'subjective' attributes ?
-Secondary attributes
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what is another word for 'objective' attributes?
- Primary attributes
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How did Galileo distinguish between subjective attributes and objective attributes?
- subjective attributes depend on the observer. - objective attributes may not depend on an observer.
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What are four examples of 'subjective' attributes?
1) Colour 2) Smell 3) Taste 4) Pleasentness
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What are four examples of 'objective' attributes?
1) Shape 2) size 3)number 4) Movement
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State the problems of property dualism ?
1)how do physical objects cause experience of subjective attributes ? 2) how do brain's physical properties cause non-physical properties of the mind?
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Which part of the brain mediates conscious feelings ?
- The Insula cortex
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How does the Insula cortex mediate conscious feelings ?
Through it's role in the representation of bodily states and urges
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Insula cortex mediates conscious feelings - what question does this raise?
-How do the electrical signals in Insula cortex become conscious ?
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What parts of the brain are active during stimulus presentation ?
-Prefrontal association areas -Visual cortex
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What is the Dorsal visual stream important for ?
Location and movement
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Whats the ventral visual stream for?
pattern and colour and shape
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What happens if either ventral/ dorsal visual stream are exposed to transmagnectic stimulation ?
- Causes interference with the respective memory in question. -during delay PFC activity seems to maintain a representation of the info
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Which part of the brain represents 'our self' ? And what represents the world?
1)The Insula cortex represents our self 2)The working memory network represents the world
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Explain what could lead to the experience of the world?
representations of the environment can be accessed by representations of the self - which could lead to experience of the world
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How can we rescue property dualism if we subscribe to epiphenomenalism ?
-epiphenomenalism property dualism believes the mind is a non-physical property of the brain that doesn't have any casual effects
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What would subscribing to epiphenomenalism property dualism mean for the concept of free will?
-free will couldn't be accepted -way of thinking and our behaviour would be accepted as not being different from animals
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What is the alternative to Dualism ?
Monism - idea that there can only be one type of substance with only one type of property
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What is the more controversial form of monism ?
Idealism -entire universe is made up of ideas- the mind
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What is the more dominant form of monism ?
Materialism - maintains that everything is made up of matter
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Materialism all share the same basic idea , despite there being different versions - state the basic idea?
1)In order to understand the mind we need to understand the brain 2)all mental states/experiences must be reducible to physical events in the brain
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what is logical behaviourism?
-movement in philosophy -behaviour can be explained by logical 'if-then' connections between environment and behaviour
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give an example of an 'if-then' connection between environment and behaviour
IF my blood sugar drops THEN I eat
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What is the problem with logical behaviourism?
-Doesn't work with epistemic mental states like beliefs and desires -as you need to presuppose one to explain the other -evidence that we do feel,think,believe
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What is Methodological behaviourism ?
-movement in psychology - attempted to render the disciple more scientific by emphasising the objectively observable
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What view does methodological behaviour hold about mental state?
-mental states were not necessarily denied, but considered irrelevant
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What is Physicalism ?
- Believes that the mind is the brain - mental states are just brain states - so believes that the mind and brain are identical
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What is another word for physicalism ?
Identity theory
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How does FMRI relate to Physicalism?
-lot of fMRI work lends support towards the idea that mental states are just brain states
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Explain Leibniz's Law ?
for 2 things to be identical they need to share all properties .
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Explain Functionalism ?
-states, all examples of certain brain states share certain function
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What can the Mind / Brain relation be compared to ?
Software/Hardware relation
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Card 2

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What are the five Q's raised by 'the problem of perception'?

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1)how does world get into my mind? 2)does mind represent reality? 3)What's the relationship between mental representation+actual reality? 4)how to be sure that representation actually represent reality? 5) Is reality an illusion ?

Card 3

Front

What is the Binding problem ?

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Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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It's generally accepted that the material and the physical world is casually ...

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Card 5

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material and physical world is casually closed and determined , what does this mean ?

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