History American West

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  • Created by: GCSE 9
  • Created on: 11-06-17 18:02
What were the problems of law and order in cow towns in 1860s/70s?
Cowboys recieved their wages at the end of cattle drives and spent it on alcohol, gambling and Saloons and the law of the gun- you could claim self-defence if you shot a man carrying a gun
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What were the problems of law and order in Mining towns from 1849?
Racial violence between Europeans. Chinese, Indians etc- led to violence between the groups, claim jumping and fights (drinking and gambling)
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What were the problems of law and order on the plains?
racism towards immigrants, particularly from China and Mexico and Ex-slaves, young single men spending money on gambling, drinking, ex-soldiers.
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What did sherrifs do?
they were elected one per county, every two years- they had a large area to oversee. They were too corrupt or open to bribes. they were of no use.
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What did vigilantes do?
People who took the law into their own hands, drove suspected criminals out of town or lynched them, criminals didn't have a chance to defend themselves (no fair trail), often local rich people, not an offical force,no law enforcement
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How many cowboys were there in abilene and what date?
5000 cowboys in 1871
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What did town marshals do?
they were elected by townspeople on a yearly basis
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What did US marshals do?
appointed by the presidant to oversee a state or territory. appointed deputy marshals to help them.
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Who were judges?
appointed by the presidant for try cases. three per state/territory
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Who were the pinkerton detective agency?
they were a private company hired by banks or railroad companies to provide protection
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Who were the texas ranchers?
small private army emplyed to enforce law
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name three private law enforcements
the texas ranchers, vigilantes and the pinkerton detective agency
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Name three federal law enforcement
deputy marshals, judges and US marshals
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Name two local law enforcement
sherrifs and town marshals
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What conflict was created between homesteaders and cattle ranchers?
the cattlr trampled crops and spread disease, they didn't want fences put up and wated access to water supplies, ranchers often cut the barbed wire
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Why was there conflict between ranchers and sheep farmers?
sheep farming became popular on the plains in the 1880s and this was a threat because sheep and cattle were cometing for the same grass. they killed shepherds and slaughter sheep. shepherds wre ethnic- which didn't help (Indian, european)
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Why was there conflict between ranchers and rustlers?
cattle ranchers were worried that their unbranded cows were being stolen by rustler and acted brutally towards them. An example is the Johnson Count War
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What does WSGA mean and what is it?
Wyoming Stock Growers Association- group of very powerful cattle barons to protect their interests
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When was the Johnson county war?
1892
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What problems did the WSGA face by the 1880s?
new settlers, rustling, falling prices due to falling demand of beef the east
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In what year and who were accused of rustling?
in 1889- jim averill and ella watson- were lynched outside thir home
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How many gunfighters did the WSGA hire
25
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Describe the key features after the gunfighters hired in johnson county war
the invaders cut the telegraph wires, cutting johnson county from the outside world, and set off for buffalo. they wre delayed by nick champion. passer-bys realised what happened, rode to buffalo to raise alarm. Invaders besieged by 300 men- buffal
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What impact did the Johnson county war have on open range ranching?
they never faced huge trail but they had no more power, homesteads continued to enclose their land. No more land left for open range ranching.
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Why was there conflict between the plains indians and white settlers?
Land, government wanted none of the land, but when gold was discovered the idea of manifest destiny took hold- Indians were in the way, exterminators and negotiators
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define exterminators
as white settlement expanded westwards into formaly indian land, there was inevitable conflict. exterminators wanted indians dealt with harshly as they thought they were hostile.
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define negotiators
they had more peaceful ideas, they wanted to turn indians into christian farmers and didn't want conflict.
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key features of fort laramie treaty:
1851, indian tribes agreed to stop attacking wagon trains on the oregon trail in return for land. the US government also promised to protect the indians
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key features of little crows war:
1861, the reservation system was introduced by US government. Bad harvest and delay of government payment meant that 12,000 santee sioux were unable to buy food. indian agency and 700 white settlers attacked
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conseqences of little crows war:
October 1862, 2000 Santee Sioux were captured and surrendered, 303 Sioux sentenced to death, remainder of Santee Sioux were transferred to a smaller resevations where there was a lack of clean water
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Key features of sand creek massacre:
1864: the cheyenne led by black kettle attacked wagon trains for food, + 3 years of attack -met government officials. During talks the army massacred 450 indians at sand creek- cheyenne gave up land claims in colorado in return for land in oklahoma
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How did US government impact plains Indians way of life?
reservations, oklahoma land grab, 1889, dawes act
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what was the dawes act and when introduced
the dawes general allotment act passed in 1887. divided indian reservations into 160 acre parcels- adults= 160A and children= 80A. Rest of the land was sold to white settlers. But indians refused land and sold it to white settlers-farming lifestyle
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How did US army impact plains Indians way of life?
fought winter camapins, attacking the indians, used indian scouts, built forts to use as bases on the plains, waged total war on indians
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How did the railroads impact plains Indians way of life?
they crossed traditional hunting grounds, brought homesteaders onto the plains, ran hunting expeditions to destroy buffalo, enabled soldiers to move around quickly
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When was the battle of the wounded knee?
1890
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key features of the battle of the wounded knee:
the 7th cavalry, attacked large group of indians at wounded knee, on the sioux reservation
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Card 2

Front

What were the problems of law and order in Mining towns from 1849?

Back

Racial violence between Europeans. Chinese, Indians etc- led to violence between the groups, claim jumping and fights (drinking and gambling)

Card 3

Front

What were the problems of law and order on the plains?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did sherrifs do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did vigilantes do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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