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6. What do Osteoclasts secrete?
- PTH & fibrin
- Collagen type I & proteoglycans
- Organic acids & proteolytic enzymes
- Collagen type II & elastin
7. Cortical bone forms what layer(s)?
- The inner layer of long bone only
- The outer layer of long bone & outer plate of flate bone
- The outer layer of long bone only
- The inner layer of long bone & inner plate of flate bone
8. What are Volkmann's canals?
- The connecting systems between Haversion canals & bone cavities only
- The connecting systems between Haversion canals & the periosteum only
- The connecting systems between Haversion canals, bone cavities & the periosteum
- The connecting systems between Haversion canals only
9. What is the main role of Osteocytes?
- To maintain the bone ECM
- To explode spontaneously
- To differentiate into Osteoblasts
- To form lacunae
10. True or flase: Bone remodelling is the reorganisation of bone structure by a balanced process of resorption and deposition of ECM?
11. What is the main function of the inorganic minerals in the bone ECM?
- Causes generation of Osteoblasts
- Causes generation of Osteoclasts
- Binds to and mineralises the Osteoid
- Causes generation of Osteocytes
12. What is contained in the bone cavities?
- Bone marrow, vessels & lymphatics
- Vessels, nerves & lymphatics
- Bone marrow, vessels & nerves
- Bone marrow, nerves & lymphatics
13. What makes up the majority of the inorganic minerals of the bone ECM (hint: aka Hydroxyapatite crystals)?
- Magnesium phosphate complexes
- Magnesium nitrate complexes
- Calcium phosphate complexes
- Sodium fluoride complexes
14. In broad terms, bone tissue consists of four elements. Whatare they?
- Periosteum, Endosteum, Bone matrix, Bone cells
- Epiosteum, Endosteum, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts
- Periosteum, Epiosteum, Endosteum, ECM
- Endosteum, Hyposteum, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts
15. Whatis the Endosteum?
- A layer of bone stem & forming cells that line the bone cavities and are important for maintaining the central bone cavity
- A layer of bone stem & forming cells that line the bone cavities and are important for bone growth, remodelling & repair
- A layer of bone destroyal cells that line the bone cavities and are important for mainting the central bone cavity
- A layer of bone destroyal cells that line the bone cavities and are important for bone remodelling
16. True or false: in cancellous/trabecular bone, the density of the trabeculae varies in order to provide maximum strength?
- True
- False
- Pass
- Gd'day mate
17. Where are Osteoprogenitor cells located?
- Periosteum, Endosteum & ECM
- Periosteum & Endosteum only
- Endosteum only
- Periosteum only
18. Which of the following stimulates activity of Osteoclasts?
- Calmodulin
- Thyroid hormone
- Parathyroid hormone
- Calcitonin
19. Which of the following is an example of a flatbone?
- Scapula
- Hyoid
- Tibia
- Humerus
20. Which of the following best describes the appearance of Osteoblasts in adults?
- Large, round cells with high activity
- Slender, fibrocyte-like cells with low activity
- Large, round cells with low activity
- Slender, fibrocyte-like cells with high activity