Henry VII: 1 - Consolidation of Power

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  • Created by: Madisonxo
  • Created on: 19-12-18 09:46
How and when did Henry vii become king?
After defeating Richard IIIs forces at the Battle of Bosworth on 22nd August 1485
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Why was Henry's claim to the throne weak? (2 reasons)
1) He descended through the female line (mother- Margaret Beaufort) 2) This line came from John of Gaunts third wife - their son John Beaufort was born before their marriage and was therefore illegitimate: FEMALE LINE + ILLEGITIMATE = WEAK CLAIM
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How did the public react to Henry Vii taking the throne?
Richard had become a massive object of suspicion because of the disappearance of the princes in the tower so the public accepted him because he was not Richard.
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Henry VII's childhood?
Not raised to rule, in 1471 Henry fled to France age 14 because Edward IV regained power for the House of York in the Battle of Tewkesbury.
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How did Henry VII consolidate his power using the Battle of Bosworth?
He dated his reign from the day before the Battle of Bosworth so anyone who fought on the Yorkist side was a traitor.
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How did Henry VII consolidate his power using rewards?
He publicly rewarded his key supporters and gave out 11 knighthoods
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How did Henry VII consolidate his power using punishment?
The Earl of Warwick was detained - he had a greater claim to the throne than Henry
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How did Henry VII consolidate his power using appointments to the council?
Sir Reginald Bray was made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Sir William Stanley was made Chamberlain of the Household.
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How did Henry VII consolidate his power using his coronation?
His coronation was to take place 30th October (before his first parliament on 7th november) showing that his right to the throne was based on hereditary right NOT parliamentary sanction.
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How did Henry VII consolidate his power using parliament?
Acts of Attainder - Yorkist property was forfeited to the Crown increasing royal income, nobles lost their titles and land for rebelling against the monarch. Tonnage and poundage was granted for life - the right to raise revenue via imports/exports
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How did Henry VII consolidate his power using his marriage?
Henry married Elizabeth of York (daughter of King Edward IV) in January 1486 - Henry ensured that his assumption of the crown was not due to his wife's own claim (but he exploited the joining of the two houses)
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How did Henry VII consolidate his power using succession?
In September 1486 Prince Arthur was born, heir to the throne.
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What was the first rebellion against Henry VII and when?
Viscount Lovell and the Staffords, Easter 1486.
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What were the key events of the Lovell rebellion?
Lovell (supporter of Richard III) tried to raise forces in Richard's heartland of Yorkshire whilst Stafford tried to raise support in the Midlands (another Yorkist heartland)
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Outcomes of Lovell rebellion?
Lovell escaped but Stafford was captured and executed
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Significance of Lovell rebellion?
Their was little support for rebellion in Yorkist heartlands and was easily suppressed.
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What was the second rebellion against Henry vii and when?
Lambert Simnel + Earl of Lincoln, 1487
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What 2 aspects of strategy did the Yorkists change in order to attempt a successful 2nd rebellion?
1) needed a figurehead 2) needed financial support
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Who was their figurehead?
Lambert Simnel - being passed off as the Earl of Warwick (imprisoned by Henry) - even crowned king of Ireland in 1487. John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln put the conspiracy together.
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How did Henry respond to this pretender?
He had the real Earl of Warwick exhibited for all to see - this led Lincoln to flee the country
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Who was their financial supporter?
Margaret of Burgundy - Lincoln fled to her and joined failed plotter Lovell. They convinced Margaret to pay for a force of mercenaries to invade England.
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How did Henry VII react to this plotting at the court of Margaret of Burgundy?
Knowing the north was a Richard III stronghold, he riskily reinstated untrustworthy Earl of Northumberland to neutralise Richard's base so they had no intention of joining the rebellion.
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When the invaders landed, what happened?
Yorkist gentry were reluctant to commit to the rebels cause, the Battle of Stoke Field in 1487 resulted.
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How did the Battle of Stoke Field end?
The Crown's army, led by Earl of Oxford, won leaving the Earl of Lincoln dead - this was due to Lincoln's failure to add sufficient followers to the army of mercenaries.
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Significance of the Battle of Stoke Field?
Bought the wars of the roses to an end, Henry's position became safer, he won the support of Yorkists by being mild on those who rebelled and began to use Bonds of Good behaviour to ensure well-behaved landowners.
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Who was Perkin Warbeck, who did he pretend to be, and why was he a threat?
He was a cloth trader from Tournai, France. He pretended to be Richard, Duke of York. He became a major threat because of his ability to gain foreign support.
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When did Warbeck begin to impersonate and what happened?
He impersonated the Duke of York in Ireland in 1491, he then briefly appeared at the court of Charles VIII of France. He then fled to Margaret of Burgundy and began drawing in English courtiers.
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When did Warbeck first invade? What happened?
1495 - Henry knew of Warbecks intentions and quickly defeated him. He then fled to the court of James IV of Scotland.
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Who was a key English courtier drawn into Warbeck's conspiracies?
Sir William Stanley.
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How did Henry deal with Warbeck in Scotland?
A small Scottish force invaded in 1396 - but retreated quickly. James offered his daughter, Margaret, to marry king Henry VII and therefore James no longer supported Warbeck.
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What happened after Warbeck no longer had Scottish support?
He tried to exploit the uncertainties raised by the Cornish rebellion in 1497 but his forces were crushed and he surrendered. He was eventually confined to the tower then executed with the Earl of Warwick for trying to escape together.
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How did Henry VII deal with Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk?
Suffolk fled to Flanders in 1498 then to Emperor Maximilian in 1501. He was safe as long as Margaret of Burgundy opposed Henry, but the Treaty of Windsor restored friendly relations in 1506 and Maximilian gave Suffolk up. Eventually executed in 1513.
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How did Henry VII deal with Richard de la Pole? (The White Rose)
He remained at large in exile but was killed fighting for French forces in 1525 at the Battle of Pavia.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why was Henry's claim to the throne weak? (2 reasons)

Back

1) He descended through the female line (mother- Margaret Beaufort) 2) This line came from John of Gaunts third wife - their son John Beaufort was born before their marriage and was therefore illegitimate: FEMALE LINE + ILLEGITIMATE = WEAK CLAIM

Card 3

Front

How did the public react to Henry Vii taking the throne?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Henry VII's childhood?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How did Henry VII consolidate his power using the Battle of Bosworth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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