Heating and Cooling

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  • Created by: Heather
  • Created on: 23-05-14 20:39
All objects _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ thermal radiation.
All objects emit and absorb thermal radiation,
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What is another term for thermal radiation?
Infrared radiation.
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What is infrared radiation?
A type of electromagnetic radiation which involves waves rather than particles,
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What does this mean infrared radiation can pass through unlike what?
It cna pass through a vacuum unlike Conducation and convection which require particles,
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For infrared radiation, how is a dark, matt surface?
A good emitter and absorber of infared radiation,
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For infrared radiation, how is a light, shiny surface?
A poor emitter and absorber of infrared radiation,
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What is the theory called that explains the properties of different states of manner?
Kinetic particle theory
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What is the arrangement of a solid and the movement involved?
They are close together in a regular pattern, -They vibrate about a fixed position,
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What are the properties of solids and why are they like this?
-They have a fixed shape and cannot flow becasue the particles can't move from place to place, -They can't be compressed or squashed as the particles are too close together and have no space to move into,
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What is the arrangement of a liquid and the movement involved?
The particles are close together but in a random pattern. The particles move around each other.
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What are the properties of liquids and why are they like this?
-They flow and take the shape of their container becuase particles can move around each other and have no regualr structure, -They can't be compressed or squashed becasue particles are close together and have no space to move into,
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What is the arrangement of a gas and the movement involved?
They are far apart and random and move quickly in all directions,
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What are the properties of gases and why are they like this?
-They flow and completelyfill their container because particles can move quickly in all directions, -They can be compressed or squashed as the particles are far apart and have space to move into,
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What is the definition of conduction?
The transfer of heat energy through a material without the material moving itself,
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What are good conductors of hear and what aren't?
Metals are good conductores but non-metals adn gases are insulators so poor conductors,
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How is heat transferred?
The electrons in the metal can leave their atoms as delocalised electrons and leave their atoms as charged ions which are closely packed together and vibrate continually which means they gain kinetic energy- transferred from hot to cool by electrons
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Where does convection occur?
Liquids and gases,
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When does convection occur?
When particles with alot of hear energy in a luquid or gas move and take the place of particles with less heat energy so heat energy is transferred,
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how does convection work?
As the particles in the fluid gains energy, it's kinetic energy increases so they move faster and their density decreases so they rises. However, as it rises, its loses kinetic energy so moves slower and increaes in density to fals into warmer areas
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what is evaporation?
When a liquid changes to a gas
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What happens in terms of particles in evaporation?
Some will have enough kinetic energy to escape from the liquid to a gas due to the heat but this leaves the liquid with less kinetic energy so the liquid cools,
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What is condensation?
When a gas changes to a liquid,
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What happens in terms of particles in condensation?
Some gas particles may not have enough kinetic energy to keep as a seperate particle so when cooled, they come together and form bongs and energy is released,
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What factor affects the rate of condensation?
The condensation rate increases if the temperature of the gas decreases,
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What factors affect the rate of evaporation?
Evaporation increases if the temperature of the liquid increases, the surface area of the liquid increases and the air is moving over the surface of the liquid,
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What factors affect the rate at which objects transfer energy by heating?
-Surface area to volume ratio of the object, -Material used, -Nature of the surface that the object is touching,
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What is the definition of a U-value?
It measures how effective a material is as an insulator.
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What does a low u-value show?
A low U-value shows the better the material is as a heat insulator,
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What do solar panels do and dont?
They dont generate electricity but do heat up water,
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How does a solar panel work?
Cold water is pumped up to the solar panel where it is heated and transferred to a storage tank,
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What are advantages of solar panels?
-Renewable energy source, -No harmful polluting gases produced,
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What are disadvantages of solar panels?
-Only produce hot water in very sunny climates, -Solar panels dont work at night,
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is another term for thermal radiation?

Back

Infrared radiation.

Card 3

Front

What is infrared radiation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does this mean infrared radiation can pass through unlike what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

For infrared radiation, how is a dark, matt surface?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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