Heart Structure and The Cardiac Cycle Revision.

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  • Created by: ElishaG
  • Created on: 22-02-17 14:11
What is open circulation?
The blood is not maintained inside vessels, it bathes the tissues.
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Given an example of something with an open circulatory system.
Insects.
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What is closed circulation?
The blood is maintained inside vessels.
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Give two examples of something with a closed circulatory system.
Bony fish and humans.
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What is a single circulatory system?
Blood passes through the heart once for each circuit of the body.
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What is a double circulatory system?
Blood passes through the heart twice in one circuit.
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What are the two systems that make up the ciruclatory system?
1)Pulmonary system.2)Systemic system.
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Where does blood go in the pulmonary system?
From the heart to the lungs and back to heart.
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Where does blood go in the systemic system?
From the heart to the body and back to the heart.
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What are the 10 labels for a cross section of the heart?
1)Aorta.2)Superior Vena Cava.3)R/L pulmonary vein.4)R/L pulmonary artery.5)R/L atrium.6)Tricuspid valve.7)Bicuspid valve.8)Inferior vena cava.9)Semi-lunar valve.10)R/L ventricle.
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LEARN TO LABEL HEART DIAGRAMS,
,,,
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What is the bottom of the heart called?
The apex.
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Why is the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the left atrium or right ventricle.
1)Pushes blood against greater resistance.2)More muscle to create more force.3)Needs higher pressure.4)Left ventricle pumps blood further.
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What is the advantage of a closed circulatory system?
1)Maintain high blood pressure.2)Increase blood flow rate.3)Blood flow can be directed.
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What is systole?
Contraction.
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What is diastole?
Relaxation.
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What are the three stages of the cardiac cycle?
1)Atrial systole.2)Ventricular systole.3)Diastole.
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What happens during atrial systole?
1)Semi-lunar valves closed.2)AV valves open.3)Volume of atria decreases, pressure increases.
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How long does atrial systole last?
0.1 seconds.
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What happens during ventricular systole?
1)Semi-lunar valves open.2)AV valves close.3)Volume of ventricles decrease, pressure increases.
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How long does ventricular systole last?
0.3 seconds.
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What happens during diastole?
1)Semi-lunar valves open.2)AV valves open.3)Gravity pulls blood down.
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How long does diastole last?
0.4 seconds.
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How long does one cardiac cycle take?
0.8 seconds.
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What happens to a chamber when it is relaxed (diastole)?
1)Increases in volume.2)Decreases in pressure.3)Causes blood to flow in (from area of high pressure).
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What happens to a chamber when it contracts (systole)?
1)Decreases in volume.2)Increases in pressure.3)Forces blood out to an area of low pressure.
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LOOK AT PRESSURE/VOLUME GRAPHS AND LEARN HOW TO INTERPRET THEM
...
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How is cardiac muscle different to skeletal muscle?
It is myogenic, they contract and relax naturally without any stimulation from nerve tissue.
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What initiates the heartbeat?Where is it located?
1)The SAN (sino-atrial node).2)Located in the wall of the right atrium.
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What does the SAN do?
It sets the pace of the heart.
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Where do the electrical impulses go from the SAN?
Spread over the atria, causing them to contract (atrial systole)/
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What prevents the impulse spreading across to the ventricles?
A band of non conducting tissue.
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Where do the impulses go after the atria?
They're picked up by the AVN (atrio-ventricular node), which delays the impulse by 0.04 seconds.
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Why is i a good thing that the impulse is delayed by the AVN?
It allows the atria to fill with blood before they contract.
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Where do the impulses go after the AVN?
The impulse goes to the purkinje fibres (Bundle of HIS) in the septum to the apex of the heart.
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Where do the impulses go after the purkinje fibres (bundle of HIS)?
The ventricles, the impulses spread over the ventricle walls, causing them to contract from the bottom upwards (ventricular systole).
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What happens to the impulses when they are at the ventricles?
The impulses fade and the heart relaxes (diastole).
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What does ECG stand for?
Electrocardiogram.
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What is the ECG used for?
To monitor heart function using electrodes.
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What does a P wave represent on an ECG?
Atrial systole.
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What does a QRS wave represent on an ECG?
Ventricular systole.
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What does a T wave represent on an ECG?
Diastole.
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What is tachycardia?What is it caused by?
1)Increases heart rate, decreased time for diastole.2)Caused by heart attack.
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What is bradycardia?What is it caused by?
1)Decreased heart rate, increases time for cardiac cycle.2)Sign of ageing/disease.
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What is atrial fibrillation?What can it cause?
1)More frequent QRS spikes, no clear P wave.Less time for atria to contract.2)Palpitations,fainting,increased risk of heart failure.
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What is ventricular fibrillation?What is it caused by?
1)No clear PQRST. Uncontrollable twitching of ventricle, blood can't leave heart.2)Results from heart attack/sudden cardiac death.
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What is an ectopic heart beat? What is it caused by?
1)Extra heart beats that are out of normal rhythm.2)Most people have one a day but can be linked to serious conditions if more frequent.
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LOOK AT ECG EXAMPLES.
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Card 2

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Given an example of something with an open circulatory system.

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Insects.

Card 3

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Card 4

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Give two examples of something with a closed circulatory system.

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Card 5

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G MURRAY

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Flashcard 13 doesn't seem to make sense to me . Could someone possibly explain it.Thanks

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