Heart

?
what does the right side of the heart look like
vena cava -> right atrium -> valve -> pulmonary valve ->right ventricle-> pulmonary artery -> lungs
1 of 45
what does the left side of the heart look like
pulmonary vein -> left atruim -> valve -> left ventricle -> valve -> aorta -> muscle
2 of 45
what is involve in the cardicac cycle
atrial systole, ventricular systol, diastole
3 of 45
what is atrial systol
when the atrium contracts forcing blood into the ventricles
4 of 45
what is ventricular systol
when the venticles contacts, which increase the pressure in there, opening and closing vaves. this then allows blood to flow through the aorta and plumonary artary
5 of 45
what is diastole
the atrium and ventricles relax to allow enter. the pressure increase opening the valves and blood passes through the venticles
6 of 45
what is heart rate
numer of cardiac cycles in a minute ( averagee is 72 bpm)
7 of 45
what is stroke volume
volume of blood ejected form the left ventricle per beat ( average is 70 ml)
8 of 45
what is cardiac output
volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute ( resting CO is 5000ml/m)
9 of 45
how does a heart beat work
1) impulse is sent to the SA node 2) the impulse passes through the wall, forcing them to contract 3) the AV node collects the impluse and delays it for 0.4 seconds, allowing the atrium to finish contracting
10 of 45
how does a heart beat work (2)
4) the implse is then sent to the bundle his, splitting it into 2 5) the impluse moves to the ventricles, causing them to contract 6) the bundle of banches carries the impluse to the ventricles 7)the purkinje fibres distribute the ventricle walls
11 of 45
what is venous retourn
the volume of blood that returns to the heart ( increase during exercise)
12 of 45
what is the frank staring mechanism
it shows how an increase in venous return leads to an increase in stroke voluce, due to the stretch in the ventricle walls increasing causing a larger force of contraction
13 of 45
what are the 5 things that maintain venous return
1) pocket valve 2) smooth mucscle 3) gravity 4) muscle pumps 5) respirity pumps
14 of 45
what are the 3 main affects of aerobic exercise on the heart
1) bradycardia 2) cardiac hypertrophy 3) increase heart elasticity
15 of 45
descrie bradycardia
heart becomes more effective so less energy is needed to pump blood around the body ( resting HR below 60bpm)
16 of 45
describe cardiac hypertrophy
the heart increases in size, allowing more blood to be delivered around the body, as there is a stronger contraction
17 of 45
describe the affect of increase heart elasticitty
there is an increase in stroke volume, caused by more blood entering the heart
18 of 45
what is the brain activity affectng the heart
1) receptors detect change 2) information goes to the brain 3) an impulse is sent down the para sympathetic nerve system or sympathetic nerve system 4) the impluse reaches the SA node, which changes the speed of the heartbeat
19 of 45
where are all the receptors found in the brain
medulla oblogata
20 of 45
what does the ccc affect and which never affect what
affects heart rate and goes down the sympathetic never to increase heart rate but goes down the parasympathetic nevre to decrease
21 of 45
what does each receptor do in the ccc
chemo picks up change in co2 and lactic acid ( increase during exercise and decrease in recovery)/ propio pick up chnages in movement / baro pick up changes in blood pressure
22 of 45
what happens during rest and exercise in the vcc
rest: 15% -20% of blood is at the muscles and 80% - 85% is at the organs exercise: 80%-85% blood to the muscles and 15% - 20% to the organs
23 of 45
what receptors are used in the vcc
baro detect increases and decreases in blood pressure/ chemo detect changes in co2 and lactic acid
24 of 45
what are the action caused by the vvc
vasoconstriction ( of capillary sphincer and atreries)- diameter gets smaller allowing less blood through vasodilation- diameter gets larger allowing more blood through
25 of 45
what are the receptors responsible in the rcc
baro, chem, proprio, thermo
26 of 45
what effects does the rcc have
inspiratory muscles: external intercostal muscles (for rest) and sternocleidmastoid, scalenes, pectoral minor (for exercise) expiratory muscles: no muscles (for rest) and rectus abdominals, obliques, internal intercostal muscles (for exercise)
27 of 45
what are the neaural factors affecting control centres
receptors - chemo,baro, proprio, thermo
28 of 45
what are the intrinsic factors affecting control centres
venous return, temperature
29 of 45
what are the hormal factors affecting control centres
adrenaline
30 of 45
what is in the blood
red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma
31 of 45
what is a red blood cell
contain iron rich protien call heamoglobin
32 of 45
what is a white blood cell
fight infections and disease
33 of 45
what is plasma
pal yellow fluid consisting of water, protien and salt
34 of 45
what happens in the blood
1) oxygen is transported to muscles (max of 4 molecules, during exercise) 2) oxygen joins with heamoglobin to for oxyheamoglobin, this is due to oxygen having a high affinity 3) in the muscles oxygen joins with myoglobin as it has a higher affinity
35 of 45
what is tidal volume
the volume of air inspired or expired per breath (average is 500ml)
36 of 45
what is frequency
number of inspirations or expirations per minute (average 12-15 b/m)
37 of 45
what is minute ventilation
volume of air inspired or expired per minute (average 6-7.5 l/m)
38 of 45
what is partial pressure
the amount of pressure exerted by an individual gas partical
39 of 45
what is gaseous exchange
a process exchanging co2 and oxygen
40 of 45
what is diffusion
movement of gas partiles from a high concentration to a low concentration
41 of 45
what is a diffusion gradient
the differnece in concentration
42 of 45
what is bohr shift
move in the oxyheamoglobin dissociation curve to the right by increase acidity in the blood
43 of 45
what 3 factos affect the dissociation of oxygen from heamoglobin
increase in temperature, production of co2, production of ph
44 of 45
what is the oxyheamoglobin dissociation curve
shows the relationship between cos and percentage saturation of heamoglobin
45 of 45

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what does the left side of the heart look like

Back

pulmonary vein -> left atruim -> valve -> left ventricle -> valve -> aorta -> muscle

Card 3

Front

what is involve in the cardicac cycle

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is atrial systol

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is ventricular systol

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Physical Education resources:

pe
See all Physical Education resources »See all Anatomy & physiology resources »