- Made in the bone marrow
- Contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body
- Biconcave shape to increase surface area
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Lymphocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Part of the body's immune system
- Carries antibodies that can recognise particular types of pathogens
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Neutrophils (White Blood Cells)
- Made in bone marrow
- Engulf and digest bacteria
- Produce antibodies
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Monocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Biggest type of white blood cell
- Made in bone marrow
- Fights off bacteria, viruses and
fungi
- Remove dead cells and bacteria
from the body
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Platelets
- Formed from pieces of cells found in bone marrow
- Play a major role in blood clotting and scab forming
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Plasma
- Transports carbon dioxide, digested food, hormones and heat
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1.2 Functions of Blood
1.2 Functions of Blood
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Function of Blood for TRANSPORT
- Transports oxygen, nutrients and hormones around the body
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Function of Blood for TEMPERATURE REGULATION
- Blood absorbs and distributes heat
throughout the body
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Function of Blood for EXCHANGE OF MATERIALS WITH BODY TISSUES
- Capillaries allow exchange of substances with body tissues through their thin walls
- Plasma passes through the capillaries into tissue fluid which surrounds the cell
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Function of Blood for PREVENTING INFECTION
- Antibodies from white blood cells bind to antigens making them easier targets for monocytes that engulf them
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Function of Blood for BLOOD CLOTTING
- Platelets in the blood, when exposed to air,
begin clotting
- This forms scabs which help reduce infection
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1.3 Structure of the Heart
1.3 Structure of the Heart
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Atria
- Upper champers which collect blood
returning from the body (right atrium) or from the lungs (left atrium)
- Where blood collects when it enters the heart
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Ventricles
- Lower chamber of the heart that receives
blood from the atrium and pumps it into
arteries
- Pump the blood out of the heart to the
lungs or around the body
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Vena Cava
- Largest vein the body
- Carries deoxygenated blood from the body
back to the heart
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Pulmonary Arteries
- Carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs
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Pulmonary Veins
- Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs
to the heart
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Aorta
- Largest artery in the body
- Carries oxygenated blood away from the ventricle to the body
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Tricuspid Valve
- Located between the right atrium and right ventricle
- Opens due to a build-up of pressure in the right atrium
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Bicuspid Valve
- Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
- Opens due to a build-up of pressure in the left atrium
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Semilunar Valves
- Stops the back flow of blood into the heart
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Coronary Arteries
- Supply blood to the heart muscle
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1.4 Function of Heart
1.4 Function of Heart
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Double Pump
- The right-hand side of the heart is
responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- The left-hand side pumps oxygenated blood around the body
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Diastole
- The relaxation of the heart muscle
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Systole
- The contraction of the heart muscle
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Cardiac Cycle
- Refers to the pattern of contraction and relaxation of the heart during one complete heartbeat
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1.5 Control and Regulation of Cardiac Cycle
1.5 Control and Regulation of Cardiac Cycle
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Location and Role of SA Nodes
- Found in the top of the right atrium
- Sets the rate at which the heart contracts
- Sends out electrical impulses which are carried through the muscular walls of both atria
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Location and Role of AV Nodes
- Found at the lower part of the right atrium
- Passes the impulse to conducting fibres which travel down the central wall of the heart
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Purkinje Fibers
- Located in the AV bundle of the heart
- Send nerve impulses to the cells in the
ventricles of the heart
- Causes them to contract, and pump blood
either to the lungs or the rest of the body
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
Back
- Made in the bone marrow
- Contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body
- Biconcave shape to increase surface area
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