Health and social care A1 physical development across the life stages

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what are the life stages and age ranges?
infancy (0-2)
early childhood (3-8)
adolescence (9-18)
early adulthood (19-45)
middle adulthood (46-65)
late adulthood (65+)
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what is growth?
A physical change where there is an increase in height and weight. Growth is measurable.
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what are the principles of growth?
A measurement of height and weight
As height increases, so does weight
Growth is continuous but not smooth
Rates of growth can vary especially between girls and boys
Growth rates vary in different body parts, eg: head circumference grows more rapidly in f
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what 3 areas of growth do we measure and monitor?
height, weight and head circumference
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what is a growth chart?
track and monitor growth by plotting the infants/ child's measurements this will give us a percentile of where the child's growth is
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what is development?
the acquisition of skills and abilities that happen in an orderly sequence
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what are the principles of development?
head to toe- lift head, sit, walk
inside to outside- control movements in their body, followed by arms and legs to the small muscles of the fingers
same sequence but at different rates
holistically- areas of development are dependant on each other
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what are milestones?
behaviours or physical skills seen in infants and children as they grow and develop. Rolling over, crawling, walking, and talking are all considered milestones. The milestones are different for each age range. There is a normal range in which a child may
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what is a gross motor skill?
large movements that involve large muscles of the body
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In order, list the gross motor milestones in infancy
lifting head
rolling
sitting
crawling
standing
cruising
walking
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what is fine motor skill?
smaller movements that require more precise direction (dexterity) and use smaller muscles
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what are the 3 parts of fine motor development?
gripping
grasping
coordination
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explain the stages of fine motor skill development for newborn, 18months, 3years and 5 years?
grasping a finger or rattle, development of palmar grip to hold a crayon, development of tripod grip so they can hold a knife and folk and button shirt, can manipulate and construct blocks using hand eye coordination
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what activities promote gross motor development in infancy?
tummy time
activity toys
push and pull along toys
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what is the difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics?
primary: present and birth but develop during puberty
secondary: develop during puberty
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what does cognitive impairment mean?
when an individual has difficulty with memory and recall
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why do we monitor growth
we monitor growth as it can detect early changes in child's growth. Both growing too slowly or too fast may indicate nutritional or other health issues
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what gross motor skill develop in early childhood?
walk in straight line
climb
ride
bike
throw
catch
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list the primary and secondary changes that occur during puberty in a female
primary: ovaries begin to release eggs, uterus enlarges and vagina lengthens, the menstrual cycle commences
secondary: breasts develop and areola swells and hardens, redistribution of body fat causes hips to widen, hair growth in armpits and pubic area
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list the primary and secondary changes that occur during puberty in a male
primary: enlargement of penis and testes, testicles begin to produce sperm and beginning of ejaculations, chambers in penis may happen
secondary: changes in larynx (Adams apple) causing voice to deepen, hair growth in: armpits, pubic area, facial hair
red
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what hormones are responsible for the changes that occur in puberty for a male and female
females: oestrogen and progesterone
males: testosterone
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explain the role of hormones in sexual development for a male and female
females: oestrogen causes eggs to mature in ovaries
males: testosterone stimulates sperm production in males
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explain the term maturation which occurs in early adulthood
individuals reach their physical maturity peak in early adulthood
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Card 2

Front

what is growth?

Back

A physical change where there is an increase in height and weight. Growth is measurable.

Card 3

Front

what are the principles of growth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what 3 areas of growth do we measure and monitor?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is a growth chart?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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