Key features of growth and physical development in infancy
Infants grow rapidly, reaching approximately half their adult height by the time they are 2 years old. At around 1 years old the infant can walk and by 2 years they can run
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Growth
An increase in some measured quantity, such as weight of height
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Development
complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities
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NEWBORN- gross and fine motor skills
G- primitive reflexes such as grasp, F-holds their thumbs tucked into their hands
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1 MONTH- gross and fine motor skills
G- lifts chin, some control of head F- Opens hands to grasp a finger
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3 MONTHS- gross and fine motor skills
G- can lift their head and chest when lying on front F- can briefly grasp a rattle
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6 MONTHS- gross and fine motor skills
G- rolls over, can sit up for a short time without support, kicks legs when held up F- moves objects from hand to hand, can pick up dropped toys if they are in sight
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9-10 MONTHS- gross and fine motor skills
G- crawls, begins to cruise , F- uses finger and thumb to hold a small object
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12-13 MONTHS- gross and fine motor skills
G= stands alone, can walk without help F- manipulates and places toys
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18 MONTHS- gross and fine motor skills
G- climbs onto furniture F- builds a short tower with blocks
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2 YEARS- gross and fine motor skills
G- propels a sit-on toy with their feet,throws a large ball F- draws lines and circles, turns a page
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AROUND 3 MONTHS- language develoment
begin to make babbling noises as they learn to control the muscles associated with speech
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AROUND 12 MONTHS- language development
begin to imitate sounds made by carers such as 'da da'. This develops into using single words
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AROUND 2 YEARS- language development
infants begin to make two-word sentences, such as 'cat goed' meaning the cat has gone away. The infant begins to build their vocab
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How do you encourage language development for an infant?
- Blow bubbles, play with puppets, watch and listen to other children, join in with action rhymes and songs, look at picture books
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Abstract logical thinking
the ability to solve problems using imagination without having to be involved practically. This is an advanced form of thinking
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Egocentric thinking
not being able to see a situation from another person's point of view. - Piaget thought that a young child assumed that other people see, hear and feel exactly as the child does
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Concrete logical thinking
the ability to solve problems providing an individual can see or physically handle the issues involved
- He based his theory on observations of a small number of children. - The age/stages he described may be more fluid than he thought and he over/under estimated children's cognitive abilities.
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Chomsky's model of language acquisition
Believed that the ability to develop a signed or spoken language is genetically programmed into individuals. LAD enables children to recognise and develop language they experience
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Criticisms of Chomsky
-Lack of scientific evidence, Bruner would argue that social interaction is critical and has more influence than Chomsky suggested. Chomsky put too much emphasis on the grammar in sentence structure
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Infancy- emotional development
Attachment- Bowlby argued that infants have an inbuilt need to form an attachment with carer. The quality of this attachment may affect emotional development for rest of the child's life.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Growth
Back
An increase in some measured quantity, such as weight of height
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