depended on health // the poor had workhouse infirmaries, or rely on friendly societies
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1911 NATIONAL INSURANCE SCHEME
Lib Gov // compuls health insurance for low paid workers (earn under£160) provided free med and sick pay (employer, employee and gov paid into it)
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INTERWAR: CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENTS
growing idea that gov should play a leading role in h.care provision; network of hosps // broad agreement that gov spending for h.care was important
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1919 MINISTRY OF HEALTH
after discovering that 40% of men were unfit for combat. // lacked auth and political will to radically reform the h.care sys
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INSURANCE COMPANIES
after WWI there was a growth; managed 75% of h.insurance // but widows, wives and children still not covered by 1911 Nat.In.Act
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ACCESS TO GPs
patients had to pay for consultation and medicine - uneven spread, mainly in wealthy parts // last resort for the poor, some docs offered lower costs
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HOSPITAL TREATMENT
best: teaching hosps - only 12 in LDN, 10 in provinces // Voluntary hosps were smaller and less financed (esp in 30s), were 1,100
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EFFECTS OF THE 1929 LOCAL GOV ACT
poor laws turned into local hosps // local gov no responsible for running key healthcare services = more developments e.g. spec teaching schools // but still less than half the pop insured
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IMPACT OF WW2
created a consensus on h.care reform; underpinned by the intro of a nat. emergency h.care sys by the Blitz casualities
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EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE 1932
first for air raid casualties & dictate provision - later used to treat civilians and evac kids // changed med profs attitudes // BLUEPRINT FOR THE NHS
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THE CREATION OF THE NHS
Bevan (Min of Health) // The 1946 Nat Health Service Act: establised a centralised system (vol hosps nationalised and approved socities had to rely on priv clients)
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OPPOSITION TO THE NHS
Tories: voted 21x against it "Medical Gestapo" // Local Authorities: didn't want to lose control of their hospitals // BMA (doctors): didn't want their independence undermined (income really); 90% opposed, then in July 90% joined...
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1951-79, NEW TECHNIQUES, VACCINATIONS AND MEDICINES
first 10 years: new antibiotics, tuberculosis deaths fell 25k-5k // Mass immunisation 1958 // cottage hosps
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RISING COSTS
NHS cost 4.1% to 4.8% GDP, gov forced to charge for specs and dentures '51, and prescriptions in 1952 // 'dandruff syndrome' and staff doubled
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ANOTHER ISSUE
better life expectancy = more old age diseases!
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
1911 NATIONAL INSURANCE SCHEME
Back
Lib Gov // compuls health insurance for low paid workers (earn under£160) provided free med and sick pay (employer, employee and gov paid into it)
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