HD - Hypothalamus and pituitary 0.0 / 5 ? MedicineMedicineUniversityNone Created by: amiedesancha_Created on: 04-11-18 14:25 Ant. Lobe of the pituitary is also known as? Adenohypothesis 1 of 39 What is the adenohypothesis made up off? Endocrine cells, Pars distalis, Pars tuberalis 2 of 39 The neurointermediare lobe is made up of? Pars intermedia, pars nervosa 3 of 39 What is the post. Pituitary lobe also known as? Neurohypothesis 4 of 39 What is the neurohypothesis made up of? Nerves, pars nervosa, infundibulum 5 of 39 What is the difference between tropic and non-tropic hormones Tropic hormones stimulate another gland to release a further hormone, non-tropic hormones directly stimulate target cells 6 of 39 What carries tropic hormones from the nuclei of the hypothalamus to the ant. Pituitary? Portal vessels 7 of 39 Which hormones have tropic effects only? (4) FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH 8 of 39 Which hormones have non-tropic effects only? (2) Prolactin and MSH 9 of 39 Which hormone has both tropic and non-tropic hormones? GH 10 of 39 FSH leads to what hormone being produced in females? Oestrogen 11 of 39 LH leads to what hormone being produced in females? Oestrogen and progesterone 12 of 39 Spermatogenesis is stimulated by what hormones? FSH and LH 13 of 39 LH leads to what hormone being released in males? Testosterone 14 of 39 What actions increase the release of prolactin? Pregnancy and lactation 15 of 39 What inhibits prolactin release? DA 16 of 39 What enhances prolactin release? TRH 17 of 39 In pregnancy what does prolactin release lead to? Increased breast development and post partum it is involved in milk production 18 of 39 Describe the mechanism of how suckling leads to prolactin release? Suckling stimulates mechanical receptors that lead to DA inhibition and therefore increased prolactin 19 of 39 What hormones leads to the stimulation of myoepithelial cells leading to milk ejection? Oxytocin 20 of 39 What two ways does GH act? GH receptors but also by synthesis of IGF in the liver 21 of 39 What increases the release of GH? GHRH 22 of 39 What inhibits the release of GH? Somatostatin 23 of 39 What causes negative feedback on GH release? GH and IGF 24 of 39 What are the effects of GH? (4) Long bone growth until epiphysis fusion, anti-insulin effects (hypoglycaemia leads to GH release), anabolic for proteins, catabolic for carbs 25 of 39 The effect of exercise, sleep, stress and postprandial decline of glucose on GH levels? Increase 26 of 39 What clinical conditions are caused by hypersecretion of GH? Gigantism before bone fusion or acromegaly after 27 of 39 What clinical conditions are caused by hyposecretion of GH? Short stature beforehand, GH deficiency in adulthood 28 of 39 Treatment for acromegaly? (6) Trans-sphenoidal surgery, D2 agonists (carbegoline, bromocriptine) long acting somatostatin analysts (octreotride, lanreotide - SSTR2, pasireotise - SSTR5) 29 of 39 Hyperprolactinaemia results in? Galactorrhoea, gynaecomastia (M), infertility (M and F) 30 of 39 Treatment of hyperprolactinaemia? D2 agonists - bromocriptine, carbergoline) 31 of 39 What are the two hormones released by the post. Pituitary? Oxytocin and AVP 32 of 39 Which neurophysin is the precursor for oxytocin and which for AVP? NVP1 - oxytocin, NVP2 - AVP 33 of 39 Which nuclei are involved with oxytocin and AVP SON and PVN (NP2 80% SON) 34 of 39 AVP effects? Changes in TBW (hyperosmolarity - AVP release), maintain BP by water reabsorption and vasoconstriction 35 of 39 What receptors pick up osmolarity levels? Osmoreceptors 36 of 39 Which receptors detect changes in plasma volume? Baroreceptors 37 of 39 What leads to oxytocin secretion? Parturition and lactations 38 of 39 What are the actions of oxytocin? Uterine contractions and milk ejection from mammary glands 39 of 39
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