Halogens

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  • Created by: SummayaM
  • Created on: 26-02-18 09:17
What is the half life of the most stable isotope of astatine?
8.3 hours
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What is the color of fluorine gas?
Pale yellow
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What is the color of chlorine gas?
Pale green
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Which halogen causes burns that heal slowly?
Bromine
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Which halogen has the highest ionization energy?
Fluorine
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Which halogen has the highest electron affinity?
Chlorine
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Which element is the most electronegative?
Fluorine at 4.00
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What is the trend for bond energy in halogens?
Cl> Br> Fluorine> Iodine
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Which media are halides soluble in?
Aqueous
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What is the chemical formula for Fluorospar?
CaF2
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What is the chemical formula of cryolite?
Na3AlF6
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What is the name of the compound Ca5(PO4)3F?
Fluoroapatite
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What is the formula of halite?
NaCl
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What is the formula for carnallite?
KCl.MgCl2.6H2O
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Are fluoride lattices soluble in water?
No because of high lattice energy value
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Which halogen compounds are most stable to dissociation?
Fluorides
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Fluoride compounds are inert or reactive?
Inert
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Which is the strongest oxidizing agent in the halogens?
Fluorine
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Why is oxidizing power of F2 greatest?
Because it has low dissociation energy and high hydration energy of its ions
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What is the standard reduction potential of fluorine?
2.87
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What is the SRP of chlorine, bromine and iodine?
1.36, 1.07, 0.54
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Litmus paper is changed to which color when exposed to chlorine and fluorine?
Colorless
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What is required for the reaction between molecular chlorine and hydrogen?
Sunlight
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Which gases are formed when bromides reacts with H2SO4?
Sulphur dioxide and bromine gas
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What is the color of HBR fumes?
colorless
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What is the color of HF?
Colorless
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When do halogen hydrides in the gaseous form give off fumes?
When exposed to moist air
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What halogen compound attacks glass?
HF
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When can HF be stored in copper or stainless steel vessels?
When dry and kept under vacuum
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Are hydrogen bonds present in HF when in vapor phase?
Yes
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What does a gaseous HF mixture consist of?
Monomers and cyclic hexamers
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Do halogens react directly with oxygen?
No
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How can O3F2 be made?
When the gases are subjected to electric discharge
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What is the state and color of O3f2 at 363 degrees?
A dark red viscous liquid
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What is the state and color of O3F2 at 350 degrees?
A dark brown solid
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What does O3F2 give on decomposition?
Oxygen and other oxides of fluorine
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What is the angle in OF2?
105
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When does O3F2 react with F and what is the product?
During electric discharge and O2F2
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What is the color of ClO2?
Pale yellow gas
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How is CLO2 produced?
By reducing NaClO3 with NaCl or SO2 or methanol in strongly acidic solution
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What is added to control the reaction between KClO3 and H2SO4?
Oxalic acid (Ethanedioic acid)
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What happens to ClO2 on warming?
It explodes into Oxygen and Chlorine
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What does ClO2 decompose into in water?
HCl and HClO3
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Is ClO2 paramagnetic?
Yes
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What are the three uses of ClO2?
Antiseptic, bleaching agent and for purification of water
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What is the anhydride of HClO4?
Cl2O7
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What reagent and temperature is required for HClO4 dehydration?
-10 degrees and P2O5
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What state are bromine oxides found in?
Dark volatile liquids with low thermal stability
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What reagent and temp is required for Bromine monoxide production?
50 degrees and mercuric acid
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What is an alternative for making bromine monoxide?
Treating a suspension of mercuric acid in CCl4 with bromine
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What reagent and temp is required for production for iodine pentoxide?
240 degrees and HIO3 (iodic acid)
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What is the color and state of iodine pentoxide?
White crystalline solid
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What temperature is iodine pentoxide stable upto?
300 degrees
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What is used for quantitative analysis of CO?
Iodine pentoxide
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What is the cold and hot temperature required for disproportionate reaction of chlorine?
15 and 70
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Can fluorine form oxyacids?
No
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Can oxyacids of halogens be isolated in pure form?
No
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When are oxyacids of halogens stable?
Only in aqueous solutions in the form of their salts
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Increase in oxidation number of halogen in oxyacids is accompanied by what other three changes?
1.Greater thermal stability 2.Less oxidizing power 3.Greater acidity
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What is hydrogen linked to in an oxyacid of a halogen?
To a halogen atom by an oxygen atom
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What is the color of perchloric acid?
Colorless
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How is perchloric acid commonly obtained?
In aqueous solution
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How can pure dry perchloric acid be obtained?
By distilling a reaction between concentrated H2SO4 and KClO4 under reduced pressure
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What temperature does Perchloric acid freeze and decompose at?
-112 and 90 degrees
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When is perchloric acid a good oxidizing agent?
When hot and concentrated
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Which acid is strongest in aqueous medium?
Perchloric acid
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What percentage of perchloric acid is used in solution?
67
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What is slaked lime?
Ca(OH)2
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How many shelves are used in Beckmann's mehtod?
8
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What else is added with slaked lime in beckmann's method?
Compressed air
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What principle does Beckmann's method follow?
Counter Current principle
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Why should bleaching powders be packed in airtight containers?
To avoid loss of chlorine
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What is the color of bleaching powder?
Yellowish white
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What does bleaching powder give with dilute acid?
Hypochlorous acid
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What is given out when bleaching powder reacts with excess acid?
Chlorine gas
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What is the average percentage of free chlorine in bleaching powder?
35 to 40
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What is halothane used for?
Anesthetic
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Which is the cheapest industrial acid?
HCl
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What is added to leaded gasoline to save the engine from lead oxide and sulphate deposits?
Ethylene dibromide
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What is used in photography?
Silver bromide
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What is the color and state of elements in group zero?
They are all colorless, odourless monoatomic gases
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What is another name for noble gases?
Rare gases
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What is the principle commercial source of noble gases?
Air
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Helium is present on Earth as a result of what?
Radioactive decay
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What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen
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What is the second most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen
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What part of the atmosphere is neon?
1/65000th
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What color does neon glow in a discharge tube?
Reddish
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Which noble gas has the most intense discharge at normal voltage?
Neon
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How many more times is the refrigeration capacity of neon greater than helium?
40 times
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Which noble gas has brilliant green and orange spectral lines?
Krypton
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What concentration of xenon is present in the atmosphere?
0.08 ppm
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Does xenon react with water?
No
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What is the solubility of xenon?
110ml/l at 20 degrees
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What is the alpha decay product of radium?
Radon
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Which element has the lowest boiling point of any substance known?
Helium at -269 degrees
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The reaction for production of XeF2 takes how long?
8 hours
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What is the state and color of XeF2?
White crystalline solid
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What is XeF2 stored in?
Nickel vessels
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What ratio is Xe and Fluorine reacted in for XeF4?
1:5
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What are the conditions for production of XeF4?
6 atm, nickel container
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What ratio is Xe and Fluorine taken in for XeF6?
2:30
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What are the conditions for production of XeF6?
Stainless steel vessel, 50 atm, 300 degrees
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What is the color and state of XeF6?
Colorless in solid state, yellow in liquid and gaseous state
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What are conditions of reduction of Xenon Fluorides and what is end product?
400 degrees, hydrogen reactant, HF and Xe end products
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What happens when XeF4 is brought in contact with ammonia?
Explosion. Nitrogen, xenon and HF are produced
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What are the products of hydrolysis of XeF6?
XeOF4 and HF
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What is quartz?
Silicon dioxide
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What is another way of preparing Xenon oxytetrafluoride
By reacting XeF6 with SiO2
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What is the color and state of xenon oxytetrafluoride?
Colorless volatile liquid
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What are the end products of the reaction between water and XeOF4?
HF and XeO3
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When does Xenon react with oxygen dilfluoride?
During electric discharge
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How many oxides of xenon are there?
Two
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What is the state and color of xenon trioxide?
It is a crystalline solid whose solution is a non conductor
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How can Xenon Tetraoxide be obtained?
By reacting H2SO4 with Ba2XeO6
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Which gas is used in traffic signal light?
Helium
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What is used in making glass lasers?
Helium and Neon arc
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Which gas is used in GM tubes?
Argon
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What is used in bactericidial lamps?
Xenon
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Which gas is used in radiotherapy and earthquake detection?
Radon
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Which gas is used in flash lamps for high speed photography?
Krypton
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HF reacts with which part of glass?
Silica
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Which iodine ion is soluble?
I3-
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Is bleaching powder soluble in water?
No
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the color of fluorine gas?

Back

Pale yellow

Card 3

Front

What is the color of chlorine gas?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Which halogen causes burns that heal slowly?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Which halogen has the highest ionization energy?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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