Habitat Selection

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  • Created by: Dazza_G
  • Created on: 09-12-16 13:24
What does the Ideal free distribution predict?
That animals have evolved to distribute themselves as to avoid excessive competition. I.e. Animals will go to a lower quality patch if it would result in more food per animal.
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What are the assumptions of the Ideal Free Distribution Theory in reference to Individuals?
Individuals are competitively equal, are free to move to the highest quality patch and are able to detect patch value in order to choose the ideal patch.
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What are the assumptions of the Ideal Free Distribution Theory in reference to Patches?
Each patch has an individual quality determined by the resources available on it. The more animals on a patch, the poorer its quality.
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When are the assumptions of the Ideal Free Distribution Theory violated?
When a dominant individual monopolises access to high quality patches.
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When should an animal invest in territorial defence?
In order to discourage the free movement of other animals by displaying territorial behaviour.
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What are the Benefits of Territorial Defence?
They are able to use resources without interference.
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What are the Costs of Territorial Defence?
Time, energy and risks of aggression.
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When should an animal invest in Territorial Expansion?
When the fitness benefits of Territorial Expansion outweigh the costs.
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What are the Benefits of Territorial Expansion?
More food resources.
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What are the Costs of Territorial Expansion?
Time and energy required and the risk of injury/death.
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What is meant by Peaceful Coexistence?
A relationship that should evolve when benefits of exclusive ownership of a resource do not outweigh the costs. In many species this occurs outside of breeding season.
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What is facultative aggression?
The ability to adjust aggression up and down.
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Why do intruders concede quickly in Territorial Disputes?
Could be an evolutionary stable strategy, in that the resident will always win and the intrude will always give up.
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What is meant by non-arbitrary ways of resolving contests?
Winners of conflicts normally have an “edge” in physical combat.
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What are some examples of non-arbitrary ways of resolving conflict?
Size/Strength, Signals of some intrinsic feature and Energy reserves.
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What is meant by Resource value and Payoff Asymmetries?
Two individuals may value the same resource differently, e.g. the resident could derive a larger payoff than an intruder could gain from taking it over.
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What is the “Dear Enemy” Effect?
Disputes with neighbours get settled over time, and they become “Dear Enemies”. As a result of having disputes settled the amount of energy required to maintain a territory is reduced.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the assumptions of the Ideal Free Distribution Theory in reference to Individuals?

Back

Individuals are competitively equal, are free to move to the highest quality patch and are able to detect patch value in order to choose the ideal patch.

Card 3

Front

What are the assumptions of the Ideal Free Distribution Theory in reference to Patches?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

When are the assumptions of the Ideal Free Distribution Theory violated?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When should an animal invest in territorial defence?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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