How is aggression in sporting events similar to hunting and why is it an advantage?
both require athleticism and strength, the competitor is advertising their skill as a potential provider.
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what has group display in terms of war been replaced with in modern society?
group display in sporting events.
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Why is group display in sporting events more adaptive than group display in war?
it is a similar ritualised form of aggression, the same benefits of aggression are available to competitors but with reduced risk of physical harm/death.
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What is football hooliganism the human equivilent of?
it is the equivilent of ceremonial conflict seen between animals, the hooligans are often males and power and status are gained but survival is intact.
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victory in sporting events brings status to the players but who else?
the fans.
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What is a suitable IDA point for the explanation?
Approaches
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What is a general issue with the evolutionary approach?
it is virtually impossible to test experimentally.
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What is a flaw in the explanation regarding sporting events?
does being in a group supporting the winning team really increase your chances of finding a mate/reproducing?
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What is a better approach for explaining group display in sporting events?
the social learning theory
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How would the social learning theory explain this event?
group display at sporting events could be learnt from role models and encouraged through vicarious reinforcment, because those who are in or support a winning team gain higher status.
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What are two pieces of evidence?
Cialdini and Marsh
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What did the research by Marsh find?
they found that although football fans may appear ultra violent on the whole the displayed violence rarely become physical.
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How does the research by Marsh support the theory?
it suggests that football hooliganism doesnt often result in violence, this would be to ensure that survival is intact, the violent apearence is simply to gain power and status.
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What did the research by Cialdini find?
after a university football match where the ppts team had won, more students identified themselves as belonging to that team (enhancing their status). saying "we won" or when the team lost "they lost" dissassociating themselves from the team.
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how does the research by Cialdini support the theory?
it suggests that fans benefit from their teams victory. the victory in matches brings status to both the players and the supporters.
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What is good about the supporting research? (AO3)
the reasearch is high in external validity, the studies are set in real life and record people natural behaviour. as a result we are able to make generalisations outside of the studies.
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What are the socially sensitive implications of the explanation? (Wider evaluation)
if football hooliganism is evolutinary then ultimately it suggests the group display is in our genes. implying there is practically nothing we can do to prevent such behaviour which could lead to aggression.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what has group display in terms of war been replaced with in modern society?
Back
group display in sporting events.
Card 3
Front
Why is group display in sporting events more adaptive than group display in war?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is football hooliganism the human equivilent of?
Back
Card 5
Front
victory in sporting events brings status to the players but who else?
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