Group 2 Trends, Tests and Uses

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What is the trend in atomic radius and why?
Increases down the group, because the number of energy levels increases by one each time. This increases the effect of shielding, and increases the distance between the outer electrons and the nucleus.
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What is the trend in first ionization energy?
Decreases down the group, because the effect of shielding increases and the distance between the outer electron and the nucleus increases. This decreases the attraction of the nucleus felt by the outer electron, so it is more easily lost.
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What is the trend in melting point?
Decreases down the group, as the charge density decreases due to the increased size. This decreases the attraction between the ions and the delocalized electrons.
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What is the trend in electronegativity?
Decreases down the group, because the charge density decreases and so the power of the atom to withdraw electron density from a covalent bond decreases.
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What is the trend in solubility of the hydroxides?
Increases down the group.
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What is the trend in solubility of the sulfates?
Decreases down the group.
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What is the trend in reactivity?
Increases down the group, because the first ionization energy decreases, meaning they need less energy to react.
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What is magnesium hydroxide used for?
An antactid, as is is alkali and so neutralises stomach acid, reducing the symptoms of heart burn and indigestion.
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What is calcium hydroxide used for?
To control the pH of soil. Calcium hydroxide is alkali, and so is used to reduce acidity.
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What is barium sulfate used for?
A contrast medium in X-rays, because it is insoluble (so is not absorbed by the body) and opaque to X-rays.
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What is the test for sulfates?
Add acidified barium sulfate to the solution containing sulfate ions. A solid white precipitate of barium sulfate will form.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the trend in first ionization energy?

Back

Decreases down the group, because the effect of shielding increases and the distance between the outer electron and the nucleus increases. This decreases the attraction of the nucleus felt by the outer electron, so it is more easily lost.

Card 3

Front

What is the trend in melting point?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the trend in electronegativity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the trend in solubility of the hydroxides?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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