Great War- Stalemate 1914/15 and changes to government

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Who won the Battle of Mons?
Germany
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How many Germans were there for every British soldier at the Battle of Mons?
4
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What happened at the Battle of Mons?
Germans advanced within 40 miles of Paris
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Who won the First Battle of the Marne?
Allies
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What happened at the First Battle of the Marne?
French flanked Germans and pushed back
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Who won the First Battle of Ypres?
Indecisive
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What happened at the First Battle of Ypres?
Allies and Germans raced to the sea, Germany dug trenches on the high ground to keep captured territory after the failure of the Schlieffen Plan
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Why didn't the Germans keep trying to attack France?
Russian advances on the Eastern front
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What was the impact of the Germans digging trenches on the high ground after the Marne?
Tactical view of battlefield- could see Allied movements, not liable to flooding, Allies attack uphill
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Why was the area where the Allies dug trenches of such poor quality?
Low ground, liable to flooding, attack Germans uphill, cannot see German movements
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Why was it impossible for Britain to launch an offensive while the Germans were digging trenches?
3/4 of BEF killed at Ypres
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What was the impact of shelling in no-man's land?
Harder to cross in attacks
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What defensive weapons made attacking the Germans seem almost pointless?
Barbed wire, machine guns
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Why were artillery bombardments often ineffective at destroying German defences?
Bunkers were up to 50 feet deep, and trenches were extremely deep
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What did a lack of German naval action mean for Allied supply in 1914?
Rapid supplies and transport of Empire troops
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What did the blockading of Germany lead to? (20
Reduced German production, demoralisation
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What was built at Scapa Flow to protect the navy?
U-boat defences
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What did the Germans do to try and demoralise the British in terms of naval warfare?
Naval bombardments on coastal towns
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When did unrestricted submarine warfare begin?
1915
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How many U-boats did Germany have in 1915?
37
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What event caused the US to send an ultimatum to Germany in 1915?
Sinking of the Lusitania by U-boats (killed over 1000 people)
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What did the US ultimatum cause?
End of unrestricted submarine warfare
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What did 'easterner' politicians want?
An attack on the Turks
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What did 'westerner' politicians want?
Concentration of forces on the Western Front
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What campaign was launched by the easterners?
Gallipoli
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What were the problems in the Gallipoli campaign? (5)
Little intelligence, lack of ammo, lack of landing craft, lack of surprise, poor leadership
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How many men did the BEF have by 1915?
250,000
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What change to recruitment policy allowed more men to volunteer?
Height requirement lowered from 5"5 to 5"3 in November 1914
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What were the two major problems with British forces at the start of 1915?
Munitions shortage, inexperienced men
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What type of shells did Kitchener mainly order?
Shrapnel shells
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Why were shrapnel shells largely useless on the Western Front?
Little impact on barbed wire
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What type of shells were needed on the Western Front?
High explosive (HE)
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What did Kitchener's refusal to extend firms for munitions production lead to?
Slow production and overworked firms
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What proportion of HE shells produced were duds?
1/3
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Who created the 'shell scandal' in the press?
Alfred Harmsworth/ Viscount Northcliffe
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Why did Harmsworth create the shell scandal?
Attempt to drive Asquith and Kitchener out of office
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How did Asquith mislead parliament?
Told them the shell problem had been solved, as this was what Kitchener told Asquith
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Who became minister of munitions in 1915?
Lloyd George
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How did Lloyd George improve munitions output in 1915? (2)
Set up new factories, employed unskilled men and women
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By what percentage did shell production increase from 1914 to 1916?
85% more shells produced
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By what percentage did machine gun production increase from 1914 to 1916?
99% (only 287 in 1914 compared to 33,507 in 1916)
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What important offensive weapon did Lloyd George support the production of?
Tanks
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What was the largest buyer, seller, and employer in Britain by 1916?
Ministry of Munitions
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Who was CIGS from 1914-1915?
Sir John French
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Who replaced French as CIGS in 1915?
Sir William Robertson
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Why was conscription introduced in 1916?
Volunteer lines became thin and Britain was still a small force compared to France and Germany
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Why was conscription opposed? (2)
Liberal ideology, fear of a decrease in production due to loss of workers
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Who opposed conscription?
Asquith, liberals, trade unions
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Who was in favour of conscription?
Lloyd George and conservatives
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How did Lloyd George get the Military Service Bill passed?
Threatened resignation
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By what ratio was the Military Service Act passed in the commons?
4:1
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Who was less likely to be conscripted?
Reserved occupations, conscientious objectors, men with dependants, the unfit
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What did conscription lead to?
Fewer volunteers, exemption claims
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How many exemption claims were there for conscription?
750,000
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How many Germans were there for every British soldier at the Battle of Mons?

Back

4

Card 3

Front

What happened at the Battle of Mons?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who won the First Battle of the Marne?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happened at the First Battle of the Marne?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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