Great War- Economic impacts during and after the war

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How did the government centralise control of the economy at the start of the war?
Requisitioned merchant ships, took over railways, nationalised coal mines
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How did the trade unions aid the war effort at the start of the war?
Declared an industrial truce for the whole war (no strikes)
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What did the Trade unions fear the most from the employment of women?
Dilution due to unskilled workers replacing skilled ones (could lower wages)
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What was the Treasury Agreement?
Government promised a restoration of the pre-war economy after the war, restricted factory profits, set up joint committees so unions had a say
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When was the Treasury Agreement?
1915
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What act restricted workers in 1915?
Munitions of War Act
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What were the restrictions of the Munitions of War Act? (4)
Dilution introduction compulsory, no strikes, absentee fines, leaving certificates
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Why did the Unions accept the Munitions of War Act? (2)
Government promised reasonable minimum wage, favoured Union labour
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How many 'controlled establishments' (state-owned factories) were there during the war?
20,000
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What was 'costing'?
Manufacturers got the cost of production plus reasonable profits
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Why did the suffragettes agree to cease campaigns?
Government allowed women to work
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By what percentage did the number of munitionettes increase during the war?
91%
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By what percentage did the number of women in employment increase during the war?
22.5%
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What work did most women do during the war?
Domestic work
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Why was women's employment only designed to be temporary?
Men would return home after the war and women would have to give up their jobs
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What made women unequal to men in the workplace?
Earned less for the same job
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Why were there strikes in 1916?
Skilled engineers conscripted
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What did the 1916 strikes lead to?
Trade Cards Agreement
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What was the Trade Cards Agreement?
Allowed union to decide exemption of engineers
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Why did strikes continue in 1917?
Trade Cards Agreement rejected by the people
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What did the government do after the Trade Cards Agreement failed in order to end strikes?
Fixed food prices, 12.5% bonus for skilled workers, leaving certificates abolished, set up Reconstruction Ministry
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What was the impact of war on the Trades Unions?
Increased membership
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By what proportion was strike action reduced during the war?
1/4
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How did Lloyd George help encourage professional production?
Employed professionals to head economic ministries
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What was 'war socialism'?
Controls on production by the government during war
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How many merchant ships did requisitioning take out of trade by 1915?
1/4
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What was merchant ship production reduced by in 1915 since the pre-war value?
2/3
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What was the impact of requisitioning and merchant ship reductions?
Less profit, so less income to pay for the war
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What measures were taken to increase merchant shipping in 1916/17?
Ship-building programme, skilled builders brought back from service
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When did tonnage of ships newly built exceed tonnage sunk by U-boats?
June 1917
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What was the role of the Priority Committee set up in 1918? (2)
Reduce imports, grade goods according to national importance
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How much British food was imported in 1914?
60%
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By 1916, how much had food prices increased since 1914?
60%
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What measures were taken from 1916 to increase agricultural output at home?
Agricultural labourers exempt from conscription 1917, Corn Production Act 1917, Food Control Ministry 1918
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What did the Corn Production Act of 1917 do?
Converted pasture and parkland to arable land
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By what percentage did wheat output increase during the war?
65%
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What was the role of the Food Control Ministry?
Rationing and bread price controls
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What did the average calorific content of the diet drop by in the war?
3%
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What did the government do to reduce alcohol consumption during the war?
Weakened beer, purchased pubs and breweries, reduced pub opening hours, prohibited sale of alcohol to under 18s
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What was the effect of reducing alcohol consumption?
Improved health, increased productivity?
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How did reduced hours create more production?
Reduced accidents and absenteeism
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What were provided for factory workers?
Houses, canteens, subsidised creches
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What department was set up in 1916 for technological improvements?
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
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What military technology developments were there during the war?(9)
Tanks, fuse 106, chemical weapons, machine guns, plane improvements, automatic cameras, telescopic sights, mills bombs, hydraulic barrels
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What medical technology developments were there in the war?(7)
Food preservation for increased nutrition, blood transfusion, X-rays, medicine, antiseptics, anaesthetics, skin grafting
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What was used to pay for the war? (2)
Loans, taxes, printing money
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What changes to taxes were made during the war? (5)
Income tax increased, exemption limit lowered, supertax increased, EPD (Excess Profits Duty) on war profits, 33% tax on luxuries
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What was the benefit of direct taxation?
Appeased the workers because it didn't increase living costs
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What did printing of money lead to?
Inflation, increased goods prices
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Why did the British continue to take US loans even though they knew this would lead to economic dependence on the US?
Preferable to defeat
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How did the economy keep afloat during the war?
Export prices increased
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How did Britain show that it wasn't going bankrupt any time soon?
Loaned money to allies
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How did the trade unions aid the war effort at the start of the war?

Back

Declared an industrial truce for the whole war (no strikes)

Card 3

Front

What did the Trade unions fear the most from the employment of women?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the Treasury Agreement?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When was the Treasury Agreement?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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