Syntactical advances allow children 1.Order words into phrases and clauses 2. Make different type of utterances (simple, compound and complex for different functions) apart from declaratives. Interrogative and imperative require different word order.
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Morphology
Morphological advances allow children to 1. Add inflections to words creating tense, making distinctions between adjectives showing possession and making plurals. (inflectional morphology e.g. walk(ed), happ(ier), Sarah(‘s), Class(es)
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Morphology
2. To experiment with language by adding prefixes and suffixes to make up words and too convert words from one word class to another. (denectional morphology e.g. person person(al) port(able) por(ter)
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Morphology - These allow you to add prefixes and suffixes to....
make up words or convert words between classes.
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Developing Grammar
When a child has greater lexical and sematic understanding, they need grammatical skills to combine words into complex utterances.
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2 year old with 200 word vocab in the two word stage
are limited in the ways that they can order lexical items.
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36 months old with 2000 word vocab
however there are a number of opinions for ordering these into grammatically.
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One word/holophrastic stage
one word utterance - (12-18 months)
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Two word
two words combined to create simple syntactical structures – S+V (Daddy kick) and V+O (Daddy ball) – (18-24 months)
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Telegraphic
three or more words joined in increasingly complex and accurate orders – S+V+O (Daddy open door) and S+V+C (Daddy is sad) – (24 -36 months)
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Post-telegraphic
increasing awareness of grammatical rules and regulations – instead of saying ‘runned’ using ‘ran’ – (36+)
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One word stage
in many situations the lexical items in a one – word utterances simply serving a naming function and are used to label objections.
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Holophrase
means whole phrase – holophrase
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Holophrases
single words that can convey a whole phrase within a word
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What could this holophrase mean?
Juice
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Context, gesture and intonation
enable parent/carer to understand what child means. This shows how important it is that a child has acquired and practiced phonological skills early on.
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Understanding
although the child’s utterances are linked, their understanding of syntax is (predictably) more advanced.
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Evidence
children at the one word stage can respond to two – word instructions ‘kiss mummy’ ‘no tele’
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Two words stage….18 months
Two word utterances begin to appear
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Usually
grammatically correct sequence Children are clever even though they don’t know the appropriate syntax they still get the right order.
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Two - Word Stage
Common constructions S+V (Daddy Sleep) V+O (Draw birdie) S+O (Suzy Juice) S+C (Daddy busy) Complement always describes the subject (you don’t get V+C or just S+C)
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A child may not...
always get syntax right. But begin to adapt (develop) syntactically Once child joins two word, they can explore different combinations and learn correct order.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Syntax
Back
Syntactical advances allow children 1.Order words into phrases and clauses 2. Make different type of utterances (simple, compound and complex for different functions) apart from declaratives. Interrogative and imperative require different word order.
Card 3
Front
Morphology
Back
Card 4
Front
Morphology
Back
Card 5
Front
Morphology - These allow you to add prefixes and suffixes to....
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