Grammar Flashcards

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Active Voice
A clause where the agent (doer) of an action is the subject
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Demonstrative Adjective
Point out the noun/pronoun (e.g. this, those)
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Descriptive Adjective
Describes it (e.g. big)
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Adjective of Number/Quantity
Describes the amount (e.g. many, 6)
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Comparative Adverb
Adverbs that compare (e.g. faster, slower)
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Adverb of Degree
Describe intensity (e.g. very, slightly)
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Adverb of Frequency
How often it occurs – non-specifically (e.g. a lot, rarely)
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Adverb of Manner
How it happens (e.g. quickly, angrily)
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Adverb of Time
How often it occurs – specifically (e.g. daily, once a week)
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Aspect
Another element of marking the time of an event, by specifying whether they are progressive (ongoing) or perfective (completed)
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Auxiliary Verb, Modal
A verb that joins with the main verb to show commitment
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Deontic Modal Auxiliary Verb
It will happen (e.g. Will, shall, must)
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Dynamic Modal Auxiliary Verb
Shows a fact (e.g. Can, could)
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Epistemic Modal Auxiliary Verb
May happen (e.g. May, could, should)
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Auxiliary Verb, Primary
A verb that joins with the main verb to show tense (forms of be, do, have)
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Clause
A group of words centred around a verb
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Independent Clause
A clause that makes sense when it stands alone (e.g. I ate a cake)
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Subordinate/Dependent Clause
A clause that doesn’t make sense alone (e.g. it tasted nice)
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Coordinating Conjunction
Joins words/independent clauses/phrases (e.g. and, or, so)
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Correlative Conjunction
Pairs of conjunctions used to join equal sentence elements (e.g. either/or)
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Subordinating Conjunction
Show a relationship, introduce dependency (e.g. because, while, as soon as)
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Descriptivism
The belief that grammar is flexible and can be broken because language evolves
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Determiner
Determines the reference a noun has
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Definite Article
Shows that a noun is specific (e.g. the)
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Demonstrative
A specific reference to a noun (e.g. this, that)
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Indefinite article
A non-specific noun (e.g. a, an)
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Numbers
Show a specific amount
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Ordinals
Show order (e.g. first, final, secondary)
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Possessives
Show ownership (e.g. my, your, our)
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Quantifiers
Non-specific amount (e.g. many, some)
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Head word
The central word in a phrase which gives the phrase its name (e.g. noun phrase, adjective phrase)
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Modification
The adding of additional words to provide more detail to a head word in a phrase either before it (pre-modification) or after it (post-modification).
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Morpheme
The smallest grammatical unit
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Affix/Bound Morpheme
A morpheme that cannot stand on its own as a word, but combines with others to create a new word (prefix at the start, suffix at the end)
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Inflectional Morpheme
Show tense and pluralisation (e.g. walking dogs)
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Derivational Morpheme
Added to a root word to make a new word (e.g. Unwell)
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Free morpheme
A morpheme that can stand on its own as a word
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Lexical Morpheme
A root word with its own meaning (e.g. Cat)
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Functional Morpheme
Performs a function as a root word (e.g. To)
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Abstract Noun
Something intangible (e.g. feelings, law, ideas)
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Collective Noun
Units of nouns (e.g. herd, village, group)
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Common Noun
Non-specific objects (e.g. stone, ball)
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Compound Noun
A noun made of two words (e.g. Streetlamp, sunlight, earworm)
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Concrete Noun
Tangible objects (e.g. ball, pillow, egg)
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Countable Noun
Something that can be numerically counted (e.g. bed, bag, book)
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Plural Noun
The plural form of a noun (e.g. dogs)
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Proper Noun
Names a specific thing, starts with a capital letter (e.g. Italy, Sammy)
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Singular Noun
One noun (e.g. dog)
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Uncountable Noun
Something that cannot be counted (e.g. music, talent, milk)
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Participle
A word formed from a verb and used as an adjective or a noun (e.g. boiling)
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Passive Voice
A clause where the patient (the entity affected by an action) is in the subject position and the agent either follows in a prepositional phrase or is left out entirely
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Phrase
A group of words centred around a head word
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Preposition
Indicate relationships between words (can be a participle)
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Compound Preposition
Joins nouns/phrases (e.g. between)
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Preposition of Direction
Show direction (e.g. across)
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Double Preposition
Made of 2 prepositions (e.g. into)
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Preposition of Place
Show place (e.g. near, behind)
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Simple Preposition
Used in simple sentences (e.g. in, for)
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Preposition of Time
Show time (e.g. before, at)
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Prepositional Phrase
Used to give extra information, made of a preposition and a noun phrase (e.g. in a few days)
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Prescriptivism
Grammar should always be correct, follow very old rules (1600s)
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Pronoun
A word taking the place of a noun
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Demonstrative Pronoun
Signals something, followed by a noun (e.g. that)
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Person Pronoun
Give details of a person (e.g. I, he, she, it, they)
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Possessive Pronoun
Show possession (e.g. my, his, our, their)
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Reflexive Pronoun
Used when the object and subject of a sentence are the same (e.g. ourselves)
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Relative Pronoun
Connect a clause/phrase to a noun/pronoun (e.g. whichever)
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Sentence
A larger unit of meaning, made up of clauses
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Simple Sentence
A single independent clause
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Complex Sentence
One or more dependent clauses attached to an independent clause by a subordinating conjunction
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Compound Sentence
One or more independent clauses attached together by a co-ordinating conjunction
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Compound-Complex Sentence
3 or more clauses joined by subordination and co-ordination
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Minor Sentence
Sentences without a verb
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Sentence Function
The purpose a sentence fulfills in communication
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Interrogative Sentence
A question, asks something (e.g. Have you done the homework?)
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Imperative Sentence
A command, tells someone to do something (e.g. Do my homework)
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Declarative Sentence
A statement, expresses an opinion/thought/feeling (e.g. I haven’t done the homework)
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Exclamative Sentence
An exclamation, usually a burst of emotion/pain (e.g. ****, I have work!)
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Subordination
Joining of two or more clauses where only one is independent (the main clause) and the others dependent (subordinate clause/clauses)
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Tense
How the time of an event is marked (usually through verb inflection): past, present & future
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Verb
A word describing an action
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Catenative Verb
Can be followed by a verb (e.g. enjoy)
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Dynamic Verb
Something is causing a change (e.g. melting)
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Intransitive Verb
Action with a non-specific object (e.g. stand)
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Material/Active Verb
A physical action (e.g. hit)
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Mental/Sensing Verb
Refers to thoughts/senses (e.g. smelled, thought)
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Relational/Linking Verb
Show a relationship (e.g. feel)
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Stative Verb
Something unlikely to change (e.g. agree)
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Transitive Verb
Action involving a specific object (e.g. take)
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Word Class
The grammatical category into which words can be placed (e.g. noun, adjective, verb)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Point out the noun/pronoun (e.g. this, those)

Back

Demonstrative Adjective

Card 3

Front

Describes it (e.g. big)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describes the amount (e.g. many, 6)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Adverbs that compare (e.g. faster, slower)

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

elsiemouse

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very helpful!!! thank!! 

Hannahch1600

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tanks!

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