Italian History - Liberal Italy - Part 1

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How many people only spoke regional dialects in 1870?
99% - King only spoke Piedmontese dialect
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How many protestors were killed in May 1898, and what were they protesting?
100 killed protesting about the failure of the unified political state.
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When was King Umberto I assassinated and by who?
29 July 1900 and he was killed by Italian anarchist
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What did Pope Leo XIII declared in 1886?
The pope forbade Catholics from getting involved in Italian politics
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How many men had the vote in 1911?
25%
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How many changes of PM was their between 1870 and 1922?
29
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What was the difference between "Real Italy" and "Legal Italy"
Real Italy - The People :: Legal Italy - The politicians
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When was Giolitti first PM?
May 1892 - Dec 1893
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When was Giolitti second PM?
Nov 1903 - Mar 1905
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When was Giolitti third PM?
May 1906 - Dec 1909
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When was Giolitti fourth PM?
Mar 1911 - Mar 1914
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When was Giolitti fifth and last PM?
June 1920 - July 1921
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What is 1901 to 1914 commonly known as?
The Giolittian Era
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What did Giolitti use to gain and keep power in parliament?
Transformismo politics
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When was the PSI formed?
1892
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How many votes did the PSI gain in 1900?
216000
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How many votes did the PSI have in 1913?
One quarter of all votes in the election.
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How many deputies did the PSI get in 1900?
32
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How many deputies did the PSI get in 1913?
79
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How many industrial workers were in socialist federations in 1902?
250000
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How many agriculturla workers were in cooperations by 1910?
218000
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Between what two years did the size of Milan double?
1880 and 1914
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What year was unemployment banned for under 12s?
1901
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What reform was brought in under Giolitti in 1902?
11 Hour working day for women
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In 1910, what did Giolitti introduce to try and incorporate the socialists?
A maternity fund was created.
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When was the sick / old age fun created?
1913
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What did Giolitti create in 1906 with concern to workers disputes?
He created courts of arbitrations, as well as declaring the Government would remain neutral in such disputes.
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Who was offered a place in Giolitti's cabnet in 1911?
Bissolata - A socialist deputy. He eventually declined the offer.
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What were the key splits in the PSI by 1912?
Reformists - Wanted to work with Giolitti for reform. :: Maximalists - Wanted to reform the entire political system by themselves.
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Who was the founder of the PSI, and what year did he lose control?
Turati lost control of the party in 1912 because he was a reformist, but the splits were too large.
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What did Giolitti say in 1904 regarding the church?
"The church and state were 2 parallel lines which should never meet"
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What did Giolitti do for the church in 1904 to try and win over their support?
Dropped a divorce bill and encouraged Catholic teachings in schools.
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What did the pope encourage in 1909?
The pope did not want the socialists to win, so for the first time urged voters to vote in the Italian election for the liberals.
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By 1911, where were the Catholics in coalition?
Turin, Bologna, Florence and Venice.
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How did the Catholic Church promote its viewpoint, both socially and politically.
Using its youth movement and sports clubs.
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Who supported the ANI and the nationalists?
Educated middle class voters.
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When was the ANI formally created?
1910
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How long was it before an Italian PM visited the south of Italy?
32 Years
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In 1911, how many industrial workers were their in Italy?
2.2 million
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in 1911, where were over half of the industrial workers based?
In the Industrial triangle of Milan, Genoa and Turin.
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Between 1910 and 1911, how many people died of a cholera outbreak?
25000
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How much of the south were illiterate in 1911 compared to Piedmont?
50% of the south was illiterate. This was 5x the rate in Piedmont.
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What was the income per head in the north compared with the income per heard in the south?
Income in the north was double that of in the south.
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How many southern Italians left Italy every year between 1901 and 1913?
200000
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How many sicillians left Italy before 1913?
1 million out of a 3.5 million population.
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How many Italians in the USA came from the south?
3/4
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How many Italians were living in New York by 1913?
600000 Italians were living in New York. This was the size of any population in some of Italys biggest towns.
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What was the illiteracy in 1911 in Piedmont?
11%
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What was the illiteracy in Calabra in 1911?
70%
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What was irredentism?
The idea that the areas of Isria and South Tyrol rightfully belonged to Italy, and they wanted them.
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When did France invade Tunisia, and why did it upset Italy?
France invaded in 1881, knowing Italy had been bringing it into their sphere of influence.
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Why did the triple alliance anger many normal Italians?
Austria was the natural enemy of Italy, as it had some of the land that Italy wanted.
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When was the first invasion of Abyssinia?
1884
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What was the Battle of Dogali?
A battle between Italian and Abyssinian forces in Eritrea.
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How many Italians were killed at the Battle of Dogali?
500
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When was the Battle of Adwa?
1 March 1896
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How many Italian soldiers were killed at the Battle of Adwa?
5000
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What agreement was reached in 1902 between France and Italy?
Italy agreed to support France invaded Morocco, in return for French support in Libya.
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When did Italy invade Libya?
29th of September 1911
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How many soldiers were sent to Libya by Italy?
70000
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Why did Giolitti invade Libya?
To bring the nationalists onto his side.
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How long did it take for the coastal towns to be completey under Italian control
Just three weeks.
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What did Italy do to stop the Ottomans from sending reinforcements.
They occupied 13 islands in the Aegean sea that belonged to the Ottoman Empire.
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When did the Ottoman Empire surrender control of Libya to the Italians?
18th of October 1912.
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How many Italian troops were killed in the invasion of Libya?
3380
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How many Italian troops were wounded in the invasion of Libya?
4220
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When did resistance in Libya finally stop?
1931 with the execution of the leader of the rebels.
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Who was in charge of 'pacifiying' Libya?
General Badaglio
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How many troops did Italy leave in Libya after the war?
50000
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Who was the franchise extended to in 1912?
All men over the age of 30, and those who had completed military service.
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How many seats did the liberals win in 1913?
318
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How many seats did the liberals lose in 1913?
71
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Which parties made gains in the 1913 elections?
Nationals / Radicals / Catholics / Socialists
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Why did the Catholics withdraw support for Giolitti in the spring of 1914?
A deal made between Catholics and liberals on a local level meant over 200 liberals won their seat due to Catholics. The deal became public and Giolitti denied its existance and refused to accept the Catholics helped them win.
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When did Giolitti resign?
The Spring of 1914
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When was 'Red Week'
June 1914
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Why was it called 'Red Week'
Their was one week of national strike, where the majority of north and central Italy was in chaos. The PSI called the strike.
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Who was PM at the outbreak of World War One?
Salandra
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Why did Italy remain neutral at the beginning of the war?
Not ready for a war, not required to help the triple alliance.
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Which parties supported neutrallity / intervention?
Neutrallity - Some liberals, Giolitti and Salandra :: Interventionists - Some liberals, nationalists.
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When was the Treaty of London signed?
26 April 1915
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What did the ToL promise Italy if they came into the war on the side of the allies?
South Tyrol, Trentino, Istria, Trieste, Fiume and Dalmatia
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Why did Salandra resign, only to be reappointed?
He resigned due to splits over intervention. Giolitti refused the job so Salandra was reappointed.
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When did Salandra gain emergency powers from parliament?
20 May 1915
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When did Italy declared war on Austria and Germany?
24 May 1915
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How many men were conscripted into the army during the first world war?
5 Million
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How many people died in 1915 due to 4 failed attempts to break the Austrian line?
62000
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In 1916, how many calories were conscripts on?
3000
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When was the battle of Caporetto?
24 of October 1917
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How many men were killed at the BoC?
10000
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How many men were injured at the BoC?
30000
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How many men were captured at the BoC?
300000
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How many men "vanished" at the BoC?
400000
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Who was the leader of the Italian armed forces for the BoC?
General Cadorna
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Why were Italian PoW in Austria not allowed to recieve food packages from Italy?
Italy did not want to make it look like PoWs had it easier then conscripts.
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How many soldiers were court-marshalled during the war?
290000 - 6% of the army
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How many soldiers were sentenced to death by the Italian military courts during the war?
4000
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Who replaced General Candorna after the BoC?
General Diaz
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Who replaced Salandra as PM after the BoC?
Orlando
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What were the grams in meat given to each soldier per day before and after the army was reorganised?
By the end of 1916, it was 250 grams. This was increased to 350 grams under Diaz.
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What did Orlando promise to conscripts signing up for the war?
Land reform in the south.
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How many men were killed in 1917?
520000
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How many men were killed in 1918?
143000
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What was the PSI's mantra during the war?
'Neither sabotage nor support'
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When was the battle of Vittoria Veneta?
24 of October 1918
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When did Austria sign the armistice?
4 November 1918
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How many military and civilian Italian casualties was their during the war?
947000
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

100 killed protesting about the failure of the unified political state.

Back

How many protestors were killed in May 1898, and what were they protesting?

Card 3

Front

29 July 1900 and he was killed by Italian anarchist

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The pope forbade Catholics from getting involved in Italian politics

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

25%

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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