people who are physically present in a shared space
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what are the main ideas in Goffmans work?
Presentation of everyday self, Dramaturgy, social roles, asylums
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what is Dramaturgy?
social actors are involved in the presentation of self in everyday interaction. involves the performance of different roles, parts and routines. these are conducted on different stages, setting, regions using props. performance depends on audience
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what does Goffman mean by front stage?
where the performance is given
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what does Goffman mean by backstage?
where front stage performances are practiced, repaired, assessed and reconfigured and props are stored and tried out.
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Social Roles
Goffman thinks our life is a continuous enactment of role performances. these performances give rise to our social relationships. we perform roles such as friend, daughter and these roles are socially scripted - learnt through socialisation.
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what are interactional rituals according to goffman?
there are the minor everyday acts of politeness. it is a way in which we almost 'worship the individual'
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what are ceremonies according to goffman?
ritualised norms and rules such as shaking hands. doing them involves ceremonial labour. it typically involves more than one person, so for them to work there is 'joint ceremonial labour'.
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what does deference mean?
a symbolic means by which appreciation is regularly conveyed to another person
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what does demeanour mean?
the element of an individual's ceremonial behaviour (e.g. dress, social position) that expresses to people nearby that that person has desirable or undesirable qualities.
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how does deference and demeanour work?
you have to behave towards others in a way which suggests you have a unique self (your demeanour) and others have to behave towards you as if you had a unique self (they show deference)
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what are total institutions
Goffman notes in normal places, work, sleep and play are separated whereas in total institutions; daily life happens in the same place under the same rules, happens in a batch like manner, timetabled, activities are part of a plan to achieve goals
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Asylum
At home, you need props to project a self, the asylum deprives people of these. the patient comes in with a conception of himself but is immediately stripped of this.
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what is the case record?
one purpose is to show the ways in which the patient is sick, done by extracting a list of incidents that have or might have had symptomatic significance.
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why does embarrassment happen
it is to do with unfulfilled expectations. given their social identities and the setting, the participants will sense what sort of conduct ought to be maintained as the appropriate thing.
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how will an embarrassed person respond?
the flustered individual will make some effort to conceal his state from others present. the fixed smile, nervous laugh - gestures provide the individual with screens to hide behind while he brings his feelings back to tempo.
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how can role segregation lead to embarrassment?
we have more than one role, but is saved by audience segregation. however sometimes audience segregation breaks down - individuals confront one another with selves incompatible with that person.
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what is civil inattention?
when in the presence of strangers, we recognise the other persons presence, but we are not seeking a sustained interaction and have no hostile intention.
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what is orientation gloss?
the gestures, facial expressions etc used as an explanatory or critical comment on a situation that cannot be addressed by a personal interaction. e.g. looking at watch when waiting for someone
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according to goffman, what does stigma mean?
something unusual or bad about the moral status of the signifier
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what is discredited stigma?
discredited person whose stigma is known or visible to others
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what is discreditable stigma?
a person who's stigma is not yet out in the open
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what does Goffman mean by Passing?
when people with discreditable stigma perform a role as if they do not have this stigma
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what are the main ideas in Goffmans work?
Back
Presentation of everyday self, Dramaturgy, social roles, asylums
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