Globalisation and crime

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  • Created by: asusre
  • Created on: 30-04-21 22:10
What are the key features of globalisation?
Global interactions, activities, time-space compression, events
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How do global interactions link to crime?
Trafficking and smuggling, offshore tax evasion, manufacturing jobs moving to countries with less strict environmental and labour regulations, dumping of toxic waste in other countries
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How do global activities link to crime?
The War on Terror, poverty in developing countries and growing inequality, McMafia and transnational organised crime
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How does time-space compression link to crime?
Cyber crime such as identity theft or child ***********, online grooming, McMafias communicate quickly across countries using the internet
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How do global events link to crime?
Murder of George Floyd, international terrorism, 9/11, hate crimes, global risk society, social controls, coronavirus and anti-Asian hate crimes
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Which sociologist argues that globalisation has led to new opportunities for new types of crime?
Castells argues that globalisation has led to a global criminal economy, in which new opportunities for crime and new types of crime have emerged. Global crime often depends on the power relationship between the ‘rich west’ and ‘poor rest’.
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Which sociologist argues that globalisation has led to changes in patterns of criminal organisations?
Castells argues that globalisation has created transnational networks of organised crime, which operate in many countries.
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In what ways have patterns of criminal organisations changed?
Globalisation has resulted in changes in patterns of criminal organisations, including glocalism and McMafias.
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Which sociologists proposed 'glocalism', and what does this mean?
Hobbs and Dunnighan propose 'glocalism', meaning that local crime networks are connected globally, are less planned, less organised, more transient, more flexible and more opportunistic.
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Which sociologists proposed 'McMafias', and what does this mean?
Glenny described McMafias, the way transnational organised crime mirrors the activities of legal transnational corporations like McDonald’s, which are self-interested economic organisations which seek to provide for hire or sell the same products across t
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What event led to the development of McMafias?
McMafias have developed as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union and eastern bloc, where the new ruling classes, especially in Russia, use violet mafia/security organisations to protect their dubiously acquired wealth.
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Which Marxist sociologist discussed the effect of globalisation on crime?
Taylor discussed the effects of deregulation, growing inequality and supply and demand on global crime.
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How has deregulation led to crime?
Deregulation allowed transnational corporations to switch manufacturing to low-wage countries, where profits are higher because regulations are less strict than in western countries, leading to lack of opportunities fuelling crime.
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How has globalisation led to growing inequality?
Globalisation has led to growing inequality, as western transnational corporations benefit most and workers in both developed and developing countries least. They face more risks, growing relative depravation and a lack of legitimate job opportunities whi
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How has supply and demand led to crime?
Demand for illegal goods in rich countries provides a means of making money by drug dealing, selling organs, or prostitution for those deprived of other opportunities, so supply is met by people in poor countries.
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Which sociologist argues that globalisation has led to the spread of the ideology of consumerism?
Young argues that globalisation through travel, migration and media has spread the ideology of consumerism, which leads to crime.
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How does the ideology of consumerism cause crime?
Young argues that the ideology of consumerism increases feelings of relative deprivation and leads to people turning to crime in order to attain the consumerist lifestyle, for example, through the international drug trade.
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What is relative deprivation?
Relative deprivation is the idea that people are deprived compared with others in society.
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Which sociologist argues that the global risk society leads to crime, and what is this?
Beck argues that globalisation increases feelings of insecurity, producing a global risk economy, where people are more risk-conscious. The media plays on the fear of risks, which can fuel hate crimes.
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What are the limitations of globalisation and crime?
There is a hidden figure of global crime, is difficult to investigate which makes it difficult to understand the true extent of global crime, and may distract from more routine crimes.
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What is the hidden figure of crime?
The hidden figure of crime refers to crime which is not reflected in police statistics.
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What makes global crime difficult to investigate?
Global crime is secretive, can be dangerous/require special skills to investigate, victim of global crimes may not be aware that they are victims, and they are likely to go unpunished due to selective law enforcement.
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Which sociologist proposed green criminology and what is this?
White argues in favour of green criminology, meaning that green crime should be defined using the concept of environmental harm rather than criminal law, as in traditional criminology.
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Which sociologist makes a distinction between primary and secondary green crimes?
South makes a distinction between primary and secondary green crimes.
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What is primary green crime?
Primary green crimes are crimes that result directly from the destruction of the Earth’s resources.
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What is secondary green crime?
Secondary green crimes are further crime that grows out of flouting environmental regulations.
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How does Beck apply global risk society to green crime?
Beck argues that there is an increased awareness of green crimes such as global warning because they pose a risk to the whole world and are manufactured risks that have been created by the way we organise contemporary society.
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How has globalisation led to green crime?
Green crimes pose a risk to the entire world, such as pollution, global warming. Crime which results from avoiding environmental regulations such as the dumping of toxic waste in other countries, such as the UK dumping toxic waste in West Africa.
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Which sociologists define state crime, and how?
Schwendinger and Schwendinger take a transgressive approach to defining state crime, emphasising the violation of human rights, whether this is a part of a country’s criminal law or not.
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How has globalisation led to state crime?
Human rights violations occur across national boundaries especially where states invade or colonise other states, or where one state exploits the workforce and resources of another country. Global state crimes include war crimes, genocide and state-sponso
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What is an example of war crimes?
One example of war crimes is Israel deliberately targeting Palestinian civilians in the Israel-Palestine conflict.
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What is an example of genocide?
One example of genocide is the holocaust of 6 million Jewish people in Nazi Germany from 1933-1945.
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What is an example of state-sponsored terrorism?
One example of state-sponsored terrorism is how the US has a long history of sponsoring illegal rebel groups against democratically elected regimes in Central and South America.
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Which sociologist emphasises the difficulties of studying state crime?
Cohen argues that it is difficult to find out the true extent of state crime because governments use techniques of neutralisation, and control information to cover up crimes. State secrecy means there is often no official statistics
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What are techniques of neutralisation?
Techniques of neutralisation are techniques used by states to deny or justify their crimes.
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How has media created more opportunity for new crimes?
The internet is fast, convenient and anonymous which makes it hard to detect crime e.g., on the dark web. Crime committed in one country may have its perpetrators located in another e.g. money laundering conceals its origins in crime. Deregulation has led
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How has globalisation led to more media-related crimes?
Opportunities for cyber-crime, online grooming, international terrorism, anti-Muslim hate crimes. Media encourages consumerism which increases relative depravation, for example, through social media influencers, music videos. Increases in moped gangs stea
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How do global interactions link to crime?

Back

Trafficking and smuggling, offshore tax evasion, manufacturing jobs moving to countries with less strict environmental and labour regulations, dumping of toxic waste in other countries

Card 3

Front

How do global activities link to crime?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How does time-space compression link to crime?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How do global events link to crime?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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