Some landforms we see today were created by glaciers, this tells us if an area was covered by ice in the past
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Fossil evidence
The remains of organisms are preserved when they die. Fossils show the distribution of plants and animals that are adapted to warm or cold climates, we can then tell which areas where warm or cold in the past
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Present day Ice Cover
> Covers 10% of Earth > Large masses of ice found at high latitudes: e.g Antarctica and high altitudes: e.g The Alps
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Snout
The front of a glacier
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Accumulation
Inputs into the glacial budget such as snowfall
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Ablation
The outputs from the glacial budget such as melting
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Glacial Budget
The balance between inputs and outputs of a glacier
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Retreat
Ablation is greater than accumulation
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Advance
Accumulation is greater than ablation
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Frost Shattering
Weathering involving repeated cycles of freezing and thawing
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Abrasion
The moraine frozen into the glacier scours the valley sides and base. This is a sandpapering effect. Scratches caused by large rocks under the ice are called striations.
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Plucking
The meltwater at the bottom of the glacier freezes onto rock on the valley base. As the glacier moves forward, rock is pulled away. Plucking mainly occurs when the rock is well jointed
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Basal slip ( Glacial movement )
Melting ice in summer produces meltwater, lubricating the glacier and making it slide downhill
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Rotational slip ( Glacial movement )
Curved or circular downhill movement by the glacier in hollows on the valley sides. Erodes hollows and deepens them into a bowl shape
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Fossil evidence
Back
The remains of organisms are preserved when they die. Fossils show the distribution of plants and animals that are adapted to warm or cold climates, we can then tell which areas where warm or cold in the past
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