Condition with symptoms like indigestion, pain/discomfort, bloating and belching. Can be caused by excess gastric acid or leakage of gastric acid or damage to gastric mucosal layer
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GORD
Condition with symptoms like heartburn, acid reflux, dysphagia, chest pain. Caused by the abnormal relaxation of GO sphincter. Can also result in hiatus hernia
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Hiatus hernia
Condition where part of your stomach moves up into your chest
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Peptic ulcer
Condition with symptoms like indigestion, pain/discomfort, bloating and belching. May be due to H pylori, NSAID use, stress. Results in increase gastric acid secretion and reduction of mucous and HCO3-
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Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
A condition as a result of a gastrin-secreting tumour
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Antacids
Dyspepsia treatment for symptomatic relief. It increases pH by neutralising gastric acid. Sodium bicarbonate, aluminium hydroxide (constipation), magnesium hydroxide (diarrhoea)
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H2 receptor antagonist
GORD treatment. Prevents the release of histamine, not as effective as PPIs. Example: ranitidine
Peptic ulcer treatment. Increases secretion of mucous and HCO3-, inhibits acid secretion. Example: misoprostol (synthetic)
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Alginates
Peptic ulcer treatment. These drugs produce a gel raft that protects the oesophagus from acid reflux
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Antibiotics
H pylori infection treatment. Can be a 1 week triple treatment with a PPI combined with amoxycillin plus metronidazole or clarithromycin. Remission and reinfection possible
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Carbon urea breath test
Diagnosis of H pylori presence. 14Carbon isotope urea is administered orally. Bacterial urease converts it to 14CO2 and it is breathed out. Breath is tested for radioactivity
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Ulcerative colitis
An IBD. There is inflammation of the colon, with shallow but numerous ulcers in the mucosal layer. Leads to bloody diarrhoea and abdominal cramps
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Crohn's disease
An IBD. Presence of ulcers in any part of GI tract, but mainly the bowel. Abscesses (painful collections of pus) and fissures (break in tissue layers).
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IBS
Condition with recurrent abdominal pain with either diarrhoea or constipation. Absence of identifiable bowel pathology - microflora or psychological? Non-GI symptoms - lethargy, anxiety, depression
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Aminosalicylates
Drug used in IBD, contains 5-ASA - an anti-inflammatory. Example: sulfasalazine - 5-ASA works locally but sulfapyridine absorbed. Mostly used in UC
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Anti-inflammatories
Drugs used in IBD, mainly in conjunction with aminosalicylates. Effective for acute relapses. Corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. Example: Azathioprine
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Biologics
Anti-TNF drugs (monoclonal antibodies). Use is restricted in the UK to severe CD that is unresponsive to other treatment. Drugs: infliximab
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Antibiotics
Drugs used in IBD as it may be bacterial flora triggering the immune response which is causing the inflammation. Drugs: metronidazole
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Anti-spasmodic agents
Drugs used in IBS which relieve gut spasm and associated pain by acting directly on GI smooth muscle. Anti-muscarinic effects. Drugs: alverine
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Anti-depressants
Low dose of these drugs to treat IBS. Off-label use to treat abdominal pain. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) also used
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5-HT receptor antagonists
Drugs to treat IBS. There are 5 HT (serotonin) receptors along the GI tract. Drugs: alosteron
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Condition with symptoms like heartburn, acid reflux, dysphagia, chest pain. Caused by the abnormal relaxation of GO sphincter. Can also result in hiatus hernia
Back
GORD
Card 3
Front
Condition where part of your stomach moves up into your chest
Back
Card 4
Front
Condition with symptoms like indigestion, pain/discomfort, bloating and belching. May be due to H pylori, NSAID use, stress. Results in increase gastric acid secretion and reduction of mucous and HCO3-
Back
Card 5
Front
A condition as a result of a gastrin-secreting tumour
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