Geomorphic Processes

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  • Created by: Ice_Fox
  • Created on: 21-09-21 12:10
What are geomorphic processes?
Processes that help shape the land
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Name the 5 types of geomorphic processes
Erosion
Transportation
Deposition
Weathering
Mass Movement
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Name the 2 sub-aerial processes
Weathering and Mass Movement
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Name the 5 different types of erosion
Abrasion
Attrition
Hydraulic action
Solution
Wave pounding
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Abrasion
Loose rocks in the sea/ocean hitting against the cliff or coast and wearing it away
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Attrition
Loose rocks in the sea/ocean hitting each other and making each other smoother, rounder and smaller
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Hydraulic Action
The repeated compression of air into a crack/notch due to the waves, widening the crack and weakening the cliff/coastline
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Solution
Dissolving certain types of rocks or minerals in them (e.g. chalk and limestone)
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Wave pounding
The force of breaking waves weakening the cliff (the force of the wave can be up to 30 tonnes per meters squared)
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Name the 5 different types of transportation
Solution
Suspension
Saltation
Traction
Long-shore drift
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Solution
Carrying of dissolved material (invisible to the human eye) by the sea/ocean
Only deposited when the water evaporates
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Suspension
Small particles carried by the currents giving a muddy or brown appearance
When this is deposited it is sometimes called silt
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Saltation
Irregular movement of medium sized rocks by the waves (bouncing motion)
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Traction
Large rocks irregularly pushed or rolled along the sea floor by high energy waves (often only in storm conditions)
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Long-shore drift
Movement of sediment along a beach or coastline (swash is at an angle whereas backwash is always perpendicular to the coastline)
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Define deposition
The dropping of sediment when the wave looses energy
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Name the 3 categories of weathering
Biological
Physical/Mechanical
Chemical
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Name the 2 types of biological weathering
Tree roots
Organic acid/Chelation
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Tree roots
Can grow into cracks and joints in the rock and widen them
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Chelation/Organic acids
Organic material (plant or animal matter) can decompose to form organic acids that can then react with certain minerals in the rock
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Name the 4 types of physical/mechanical weathering
Freeze-thaw
Pressure release
Thermal expansion
Salt crystalisation
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Freeze-thaw
The repeated filling, freezing and melting of water in a crack. Ice expands nearly 10% more than liquid water causing the crack to widen. Eventually the rock may split
Only in locations w/ diurnal temperature change (<freezing at night, warmer during the
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Pressure release
As overlying rock is worn away, underlying rock releases pressure by fracturing parallel to the surface
The fractures are sometimes called pseudo-bedding planes
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Thermal expansion
Rocks expand when they get hot and contract when they are cool. Repeated temperature change cracks the rock
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Salt crystallisation
Salt crystals form and expand in porous rock (such as sandstone) causing stress and eventually cracking
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Name the 5 types of chemical weathering
Oxidation
Carbonation
Solution
Hydrolysis
Hydration
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Oxidation
Certain minerals in rocks react with oxygen from the air or water (iron is particularly susceptible)
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Carbonation
Rainwater and CO2 form a weak carbonic acid which reacts with limestone to form calcium bicarbonate (a soluble substance which can then dissolve into water)
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Solution
Dissolving minerals in rocks
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Hydrolysis
A chemical reaction between rock minerals and water
(E.g. Feldspar in granite reacts with hydrogen in water to produce kaolin/china clay)
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Hydration
Water can be absorbed making rocks expand
(E.g. anhydrite -> gypsum)
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Name the 2 main types of mass movement
Rockfalls
Rock slides
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Name the two different types of rock slides
Linear/Straight rock slide
Rotational slide (AKA slumps)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name the 5 types of geomorphic processes

Back

Erosion
Transportation
Deposition
Weathering
Mass Movement

Card 3

Front

Name the 2 sub-aerial processes

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name the 5 different types of erosion

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Abrasion

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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