What are the geomorphic processes that affect coastal landscape systems?
Weathering, Mass Movement, Erosion, Transportation, Deposition
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What is the definition of weathering?
Weakening of rocks in-situ as a result of the weather
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What are the 3 types of weathering?
Mechanical (Physical), Chemical and Biological
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What type of weathering is freeze-thaw? Explain how it works
Mechanical (Phsyical) weathering. Water gets into cracks of rocks and freezes and melts repeatedly so the rock will expand and eventually crack.
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What is salt crystallisation?
Solutions of salt can seep into the porous rocks. Here the salts precipitate, forming crystals. The crystals expand and break the rock.
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What rocks does carbonation take place in? Explain how this works.
Weak carbonic acid in rainwater reacts with the calcium carbomate (limestone) rocks to produce calcium bicarbonate which is soluble.
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Explain how plants and animals can weather rocks.
Roots can grow into the rocks and crack them. Burrowing animals can do the same.
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What is mass movement?
Mass movement is the movement of material downslope under the influence of gravity. It is the falling, sliding or flowing of rock, sediment or soil most often along a slip plane (line of weakness).
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What types of cliffs are rock falls common on? How does this happen?
Cliffs of 40 degrees or more. Resistant rock. Physical weathering detaches rocks and wave processes remove the material.
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What types of cliffs are rock slides most common on? How does this happen?
Gentles sloping cliffs made up of sedimentary rock. Rock fault between layers of rock causes movement to take place along a curved slip plane.
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What types of cliffs are rotational slumps most common on? How does this happen?
Cliffs of less resistant rock. Wet conditions encourage undercutting by wave erosion at the base of the cliff, removing the support for the materials above.
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What are the 5 types of erosion that take place at the coast?
Hydraulic Action, Abrasion, Attrition, Soluution and Pounding. (HAASP)
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What are the 4 types of transportation in water?
Traction, Saltation, Suspension and Solution. (TSSS)
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What conditions does deposition take place in?
Where the river meets the sea, there is a reduction in velocity and increase in friction so energy is lost.
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What are the types of transport that take place by wind?
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