Caves arches stacks and stumps - formed in rocks that have a fault or line of weakness. Hydraulic action in this fault causes it to widen to form a cave. If the fault is in a headland, caves form both sides of it.
When the backs of the caves meet an arch is formed, the sea erodes the bottom of the arch, weathering also takes place, sea undercuts bottom of arch, collapses forming a stack, continued erosion forms a stump over time.
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