geography year 9

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  • Created by: eden1
  • Created on: 11-05-15 17:54
active?
a volcano that has erupted recently and is likely to do so again
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aid
money, food, training and technology given by rich countries to poor ones to help with an emergancy
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caldera
the depression of the supervolcano making the collapse of the magma chamber
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composite volcano
a steep sided volcano made up of lava and ash- lava is of a viscous type and eruptions and frequent and sometimes violent. they have a narrow base.
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continental drift
the movement of the continents as a result of convection currents within the mantle
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conservative margins
a boundary where the two plates slip and slide past each other. this can be in the opposite or same direction
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convection currents
circular currents of heat in the mantle
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core
the center and hottest part of the earth
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crater
the opening, usually central in the volcano, from which magma is emitted
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crust
outer layer of the earth
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collision margin
meeting of two plates of continental crusts they are both the same type so they meet and buckle
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destructive
where a continental plate meets an oceanic plate and the oceanic plate submerges beneath the continental crust because it is more dense
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dormant
a volcano that has not erupted for a very long time but still has the potential to do so
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earthquake
a sudden and often violent release of pressure at the earths crust causing intense ground shaking which is felt on the earths surface
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epicentre
the point that the earths surface directly above the focus
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fissures
extended openings along a line of weakness that allow the magma to escape
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focus
the point in the earths crust where the earthquake originates
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fold mountains
large mountain ranges where rock layers have been crumpled as they have been forced together
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friction
the resistance building up when one plate moves against another, causing heat and a build up of stress
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geothermal energy
water heated below the ground to high temperatures which can then be used to generate electricity
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geyser
a geothermal feature in which water erupts into the air under pressure
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hot spots
a section of the earths crust where plumes of magma arise weakening the crust, they are away from plate boundarys
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hydro electric power
use of flowing water to turn turbines to generate electricity
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responses
how people react as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath
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lahar
a mud flow resulting from ash mixing with melting water
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long term responses
later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event
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magma
molten material that is under the crust but becomes lava on reaching the surface
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magnitude
the energy of a hazard- measured on a scale such as richter for earthquakes
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mantle
the dense ostly solid layer between the outer core and crust
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mercallai scale
a means of measuring earthquakes by describing the damage done on a scale of 1-12 i.e. the intensity of the earthquake
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natural hazard
an occurence over which people have little control which poses a threat to peoples lives and possessions. this is different from a natural event that may occur in unpopulated areas so are not a threat to man
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ocean trench
deep sections of ocean usually where an oceanic plate is sinking below a continental plate.
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pangaea
a supercontinent present millions of years ago when all the present countries where one with one ocean
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tectonic plates
sections of the earth comprising either continental or oceanic crust
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prediction
attempts to forecast an event based on current knowledge
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preparation
organising activities and drills so that people know what to do in the event of a hazard
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primary effects
immediate effects caused directly by the hazard. e.g. death, collapsed buildings, landslides
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protection
constructing buildings so that they are safe to live in and will not easily collapse
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pyroclastic flow
hot ash and rocks that flows rapidly down a slope after a volcanic eruption
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richter scale
a logarithmic scale which measures the energy released by the earthquake. each number on the scale is 10 * greater than the one before
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ring of fire
name given to the volcanoes that are spread around the pacific ocean in almost a continuous ring
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secondary effects
these are the after effects that occur as a result of the hazard event
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seismometer
an instrument that measures the shaking of the ground during an earthquake
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seismology
the study of earthquake waves
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shield volcano
a wide, gently sloping volcano made of runny lava (basic) with a wide base. frequent eruptions of a non violent nature.
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shock waves- primary
these travel fast causing backward and forward movement in an earthquake
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shock waves- secondary
these travel slowerand cause movement from side to side
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subduction zone
sinking of oceanic crust at a destructive margin
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supervolcano
a mega colossal volcano that erupts at least 1000km 3 material
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tsunami
a wave genarated by an earthquake that has displaced the water above and caused it to race to the shore giving giant waves
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vent
the pipe through which the magma flows to the surface, usually central in a volcano
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

aid

Back

money, food, training and technology given by rich countries to poor ones to help with an emergancy

Card 3

Front

caldera

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

composite volcano

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

continental drift

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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