GEOGRAPHY UNIT 2 PEOPLE AND THE PLANET

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  • Created by: Aine
  • Created on: 11-06-13 14:26
What was malthus's theory?
thst the world was already way beyond its ability to support the human population, he thought mass starvation would result because the believed that food supply could never keep up with population growth.
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why do people now agree with Malthus?
because people think that the worlds population cannot support itself, people consuming resources, living spaces are crowded.
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what is natural increase?
the number of babies being born and number of people that die.
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how will country have a populaton balance?
if the birth rates and death rates are equal.
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UGANDA- POPULATION INCREASE
birth rate 48.15 pr 1000.
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POPULATION DECLINE- JAPAN.
EVEY
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POPULATION BALANCE- POLAND
DWDWD
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What is birth rate?
the number of babies born alive for every 1000 people in one year.
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what is death rate?
the number of people who die per 1000 in a year.
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what is natural increase?
the number of people added to or lost from the population per 1000 in a year.
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what are some factors that can affect the difference between birth and death rates in countries?
level of development, religious views of people in a country, policies of the government.
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how do you work out natural increase?
birth rate- death rate.
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what is GNI?
gross national income, average amount of money earned by a country in one year, divided by all the people who live there.
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compare 2 countries?
russia is a middle income country with a birth rate of 10 and death of 16 natural increase of -0.6% higher gni per person than Yemen which has a higher birth ate and lower death rate.
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why would russians population decline?
because falling life expectancy for men caused by indutrial disease, outward migration, loew fertility rate.
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what do we know about japans population?
it is the oldest in the world, over 65's make up 20.85 of it, the birth rate remains below replacement level.
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why is japans population structure changing?
people are living longer, healthy diet and good quality of life because it is rich. birth rate has been dclining beause of the rise in the average age which women have their first child.
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what does this mean for japan?
an increse in the cost of pensions, elderly people will live loner. higher taxes to fund pensions because of the falling birth rat meaning fewer workers, nursing homes, cost in healthcare.
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whats happening to Mexicos popultion?
youthful population under 15s make up 31%, average age in mexico is 26.
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why is mexicos population changing?
a low death rate, more babies and people living longer, due to childhood vaciinations being introduced, increase in doctors, birth rate is falliing but still a large percent of young people.
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what does this mean for mexico?
increase in school places for the youthful population, large numbers of young people unble to find work so migrate to the usa, growing manafacturing industy, abortion has been legalised to reduce the number of abandoned chidren.
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what do population policies encourage?
people to have fewer or more children.
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what is the one child policy?
the policy in china. their birthrate reached 5.8 per 1000 which was unsustainable so in 1979 the government introduced rules to limit population rowth, couples who only have one child get finacial rewards and welfare benifits. heavy fines for others.
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what impacts did chinas one child policy have?
preventing 300 million biryths but negativly people think that chinas rapidy growing economy wont have enough workers to keep it going and they will be forced to relax the one child policy. t
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why is there a serious inbalance of men to women in china?
couples have often used illegal methods to ensure that their child is a boy, as boys are traditionally more able to care for their elderly parents.
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what are anti-natalist plicies?
policies to encourage people to have fewer children, for example providing free state education for only the first child in the family.
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what are pro natalist policies?
policies that encourage people to have more children, they include inentives such as financial payments.
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give an example of a anti-natalist policy?
India- first country in the world to introduce it in 1951. government offered contraceptive advice and sterilisation, forced sterilisation used on men, its now ended and governments now use incentives to encourage them to have only 2 children.
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give an example of a pro natalist policy
SWEDEN- ageing population. 9 million. they introduced paternal leave avalable for 6 months at 80% income, speed premium- an extra payment if there is less than 30 months between children. cash child benifit- $900 per anum. sick child care, child car
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what is the anti natalist population policy in Iran about in 1967-78?
introduced to reduce population growth, increse economic growth, improve status of women and make family planning a human right.
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what was irans policy
women were encouraged to wait 3-4 years between children and not before they were 18 or after 35. limited to 3 children per family, maternity leave beinfits restrcited, state media was told to raise awareness of population issues,.
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what is the pro natalist policy in estonia? why does it need one?
falling population, fertility rate dropped they were having fewer children because poverty was increasing, job prospects, lack of childcare, more women following single lives, young people migrating, competing values eg social life.
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what was the policy they introduced in estonia?
the mothers salary. women are paid to have children, working women recieve 15 months fully paid maternity leave, and non working receive $200 a month. by 2006 fertility rate rose to 1.5. still below replacement level.
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what is the immigration policy in the usa?
in 1990 they passed the immigration act to help buisnesses attract skilled foeeign workers. annual limit of immigrant bvisas and agreed that a limit of refuges would be admitted each year.
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what are the 2 types of the visa that you needed 1 of to get into the usa?
immigrant visa- for people who intend to live and work permanently in the usa. a non immigrant visa- people who live in other countries and wish to stay temporariy in the usa eg tourists, students.
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what does the immigration policy in the usa aim to do?
admit workers with specific skills for jobs where workers are in short supply, reunite families, provide refuge for people who face racial political or religious percecution in their country, increase ethnic diversity.
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what re 2 advantages of immigration?
they add more than $30 billion to the us economy. they will unskilled, low waged jobs, they start up buissnesses and provide further employment.
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what are 2 disadvantages of immigration?
wages are forced down, health and welfare systems are strained, they wont communicate into american culture and live in their own communities.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

why do people now agree with Malthus?

Back

because people think that the worlds population cannot support itself, people consuming resources, living spaces are crowded.

Card 3

Front

what is natural increase?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

how will country have a populaton balance?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

UGANDA- POPULATION INCREASE

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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