Geography Theme 2

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air pressure
the force caused by molecules in the atmosphere pressing down on the Earth's surface.
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atmosphere
the layer of gases surrounding the Earth.
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climate
the average weather patterns for a particular place, using weather measurements over several decades to create a generalised pattern
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weather
the daily or hourly state of the atmosphere
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climate change
a long-term change in annual weather conditions, due to natural factors or human activities
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prevailing wind
the usual wind direction for a particular place.
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anticyclone
a high pressure weather system bringing settled, dry weather.
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depressions
a low pressure weather system bringing unsettled, changeable conditions.
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warm front
the boundary of warm air, moving to replace a band of cold air.
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cold front
the boundary of cold air, moving towards an area of warm air.
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occluded front
when cold air overtakes warm air.
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global warming
the slight rise in average temperature of the Earth.
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Greenhouse Gases
gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that can trap heat in the atmosphere.
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Greenhouse Effect
the process of trapping heat from the sun in the Earth's atmosphere due to the presence of certain gases.
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precipitation
moisture that falls from the sky can take the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow.
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relief rainfall
rainfall that occurs when moist air is forced to travel over high ground like mountains.
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convectional rainfall
rainfall that often occurs in tropical places where the high levels of moisture and high temperatures form clouds and produce rain on a regular basis.
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frontal rainfall
rainfall caused due to a change in air pressure when warm air and cold air meet.
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windward
the slope of a hill or mountain facing towards the oncoming wind.
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leeward
the sheltered slope of a hill or mountain facing away from the oncoming wind.
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alluvium/silt
a fine mud that is found on river beds.
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hydrological cycle
he process by which water moves around the world, mainly due to evaporation, condensation and precipitation.
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infiltration
when water sinks into the soil or ground.
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evaporation
hen a liquid changes state to a gas because it has been heated.
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transpiration
the evaporation of water stored in leaves.
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evapotranspiration
when water held by plants or trees is evaporated.
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surface run-off
the movement of water across the srface of the land, often down a slope.
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water table
an underground water store where the level of saturation depends on location and climate.
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store
a place where water remains this can be a lake or frozen glacier.
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flow
a way that water is transfered from one area to another.
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drainage basin
an area that a river flows through including any surrounding land where rainfall feeds into that river.
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source
the starting point of a river.
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mouth
where a river meets the sea.
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tributary
a smaller stram or river that joins the main river.
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confluence
the point where two rivers join together.
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watershed/boundary
the edge of a drainage basin.
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river discharge
the level of water in a river this can depend on climate and drainage basins.
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erosion
the wearing away of soil or rocks.
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transportation
the movement of eroded material by the force of water in the sea or rivers.
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deposition
when eroded or transported material is set down for example when stones are dropped on the beach.
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flood
when the sea or rivers spill water over the land.
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longshore drift
the process of pebbles and sand being moved along the coastline, the direction is influenced by the prevailing wind direction.
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arch
a coastal landform that is created by erosion and is shaped like an arch or doorway.
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stack
a coastal landform that is created by erosion of the cliffs. A stack was once an arch that has collapsed.
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stump
a coastal landform that is created by erosion, a stump is a stack that has been further eroded.
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spit
a coastal landform created by deposition. Spits are made of sand and shingle that has been deposited and biult up over time.
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swash
the motion of waves up the beach affected by the wind.
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backwash
the motion of waves back towards the sea affected by gravity.
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sea defences
ways of preventing the coastal being affected by erosion.
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groynes
these are structures built at a right angle to the coastline and stick out into the sea, they can be made of wood, concrete or rock.
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gabions
cube shaped wire mesh cages that are filled with rocks these can be stacked to create a sea wall or positioned at the bottom of cliffs.
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sea wall
a concrete structure sometimes reinforced with steel, used to stop large storms waves eroding the coastline and flooding the land.
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beach replenishment
when sand and shingle are added to the surface of the beach to replenish material that has been eroded.
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rip-rap
large interlocking boulders that are placed at weak points along the coastline.
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hard engineering
ways of defending the coastline that are more obvious, expensive and considered to be more effective.
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soft engineering
ways of defending the coastline that are more subtle, natural looking and generally cheaper, these are often considered to be less effective.
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salt marsh
an ecosystem found at the coastline that usually develops in sheltered waters of harbours or behind spits.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

the layer of gases surrounding the Earth.

Back

atmosphere

Card 3

Front

the average weather patterns for a particular place, using weather measurements over several decades to create a generalised pattern

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

the daily or hourly state of the atmosphere

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a long-term change in annual weather conditions, due to natural factors or human activities

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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