Geography- Restless Earth
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- Created by: Rachael Hurst
- Created on: 22-02-13 15:49
Continental crust is ... thick
100km
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continental crust is made of ..... rock
Granite
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Oceanic crust is ... thick
7km
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oceanic crust is made of ... rock
Basaltic
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which part of matle is solid?
upper part
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the crust and upper mantle together are known as what?
lithosphere
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what curents move the crust around and why?
Convection currents due to uneaven heating
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in what layer in the mantle located?
asthenosphere
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which part of the core is liquid and which is solid?
outer core- liquid, inner core- solid
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how hot is the inner core
5000C- hottest part of the earth
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what is the inner core made of?
radioactive decay
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constructive boundaries are when...
two plates move apart allowing basaltic magma to rise e.g. mid atlantic ridge
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what are the hazards from construvtive boundaries?
small earthquakes and less explosive volcanoes
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destructive boundaries are when..
oceanic palte and continental plate move together
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how does a destructive boundary cause a volcano?
oceanic plate subducts, is destroyed creating new magma which causes pressure so volcano
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what are the hazards of destructive boundaries?
destructive earthquakes e.g. 9.5, possible tsunamis, explosive eruptions
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how are fold mountains formed?
in destructive boundaries, when the continental plate buckles
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conservative boundaries are when...
two plates slide past eachother e.g. San Andreas Fault
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what are the hazards of conservative boundaries?
destructive earthquakes
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what are hotspots?
fixed spots where magma rises, crust moves, volcano formed e.g. hawaii
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where do shield volcanoes occur?
constructive boundaries and hotspots
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what are the propeties of shield volcanoes?
basaltic lava, high temp., less viscus, runny, low gas content=not explosive
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what are the hazards of sheild volcanoes
lava fountains, lava flows
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why are shield volcanoes unexplosive?
low gas content
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where do composite volcanoes occur?
destructive boundaries
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what are the propeties of composite volcanoes
andestic lava, lower temp., viscous
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why are comosite volcanoes explosive?
high gas content
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what are the hazards of composite volcanoes?
lava flows, volcanic bombs, pyroclastic flows
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Why are composite volcanoes steep sided?
made up of layers of lava from previous eruptions
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what does volcanic explosivity index (VEI) measure?
magnitude of volcanc eruption
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what does the richter scale measure?
magnitude of an earthquake, it logarithmic so 6.0 is 10x more powerful than 5.0
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what dies the mercalli scale measure?
intensity of an earthquake base on impact on humans
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what are primary effects?
imediate impacts
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what are secondary effects?
long term inpacts
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why is it important to try and predict eruptions?
to try to cause less harm to people
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what do boreholes do?
measure the water temperature
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what do tiltmeters do?
detect swell as fills up with magma
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how is the gas that is given off measured?
aircraft
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what do siemmeters do?
measure earthquakes which increase as magma rises
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what do lahars do?
divert mudflows
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how are people protected
concrete shelters and evacuation routes
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how are tsunamis created?
by underwater eathquakes which force water upwards creating waves
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what are shear walls?
supporting walls made of concrete and steel rods
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what is a shear core?
shear walls in centre of building
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what is cross bracing?
diagonal steel beams to help suport walls
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what are base isolators?
shock absorbers between building and foundations, absorb some sideways motion
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how do LEDC's protect against earthquakes?
thatch rooves, simple foundations, bsmboo crosbracing
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
continental crust is made of ..... rock
Back
Granite
Card 3
Front
Oceanic crust is ... thick
Back
Card 4
Front
oceanic crust is made of ... rock
Back
Card 5
Front
which part of matle is solid?
Back
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