Geography-Coastal landscapes

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the impact of physical weathering on coastal landscapes
frees-thaw action. water gets in crack,pressure on rock created by 9% increase in volume as water freezes, crack increased in size
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the impact of biological weathering on coastal landscapes
seed falls into crack,rain causes seedling to grow,roots force their way into cracks,as the roots grow they break up the rock. burrowing animals also break up the rock
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the impact of chemical weathering on coastal landscapes
rainwater contains natural acids. Carbonates in limestone are dissolved by weak acids,cracks in rock expand
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what is erosion?
erosion is when rocks are worn down by an agent of erosion such as water. There are four types of erosion which take place in the sea.
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headlands and bays form due to what?
due to different rock types, and they only occur on coastlines where soft and hard rocks are found at right angles to the sea. Erosion eventually becomes greater on headlands bc bays have retreated+headlands are more exposed.
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what is longshore drift?
the movement of sediment along the shore.Pebbles are moved in direction of prevailing wind.This can lead to formation of spits and bars.
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how can longshore drift be a problem?
in river estuaries, due to the deposition of sediment.
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what are spits?-depositional feature
narrow stretches of sand and pebbles that are joined to the land at one end.
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explain the formation of a spit
material is moved
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what affects the rate of coastal erosion?
fetch-the longer the wave the strong the wave. Geology-rock type,harder rocks are eroded more quickly,rock angle to the coast-paralell or at right angles. Coastal management-if coastline id defended then it will erode more slowly
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the rate a cliff recedes depends on what?
processes like erosion,weathering and mass movement.
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what is the fetch?
the distance that wind travels over open water
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what is geology?
the rock type and structure of an area
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what is coastal recession?
where the coastline is eroded so that it moves back
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what is a hard engineering technique?
techniques that involve major construction work and are usually visually obtrusive
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what is a soft engineering technique?
techniques that work with the natural processes at work on the coastline and do not involve major construction work
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explain the effects of coastal recession on people and the environment?-exam practise answer
Since 1995, 25 properties in Happisburgh have been lost to the sea. The lives of the villagers are totally dominated by their struggle against the sea. The Tower at Walton on the Naze could soon be lost to the sea if the cliff continues to erode at i
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how are the effects of costal flooding reduced by prediction and prevention?
forecasting,building design,planning and education
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how are the effects of costal flooding reduced by prediction and prevention?-forecasting
Met Office-forecasts likelihood of a flood.info gets to householders through weather forecasts+news on tv,radio,website. Environ agency-monitors sea conditions 24 hrs a day,all year.
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how are the effects of costal flooding reduced by prediction and prevention?-building design
In Bangladesh-all 1 storey+2 storey buildings must have external staircase to the roof.Coast of Malibu USA-houses built on stilts to protect them from storm tides
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how are the effects of costal flooding reduced by prediction and prevention?-planning
many countries planned for cf by protecting themselves.Bangladesh-the Coastal Embankment project led 2 the building of 12 sea facing flood walls+500 flood shelters. Thames Flood Barrier completed 1982. 2010-EA-new flood walls along river etc to prote
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how are the effects of costal flooding reduced by prediction and prevention?-education
countries educating what to do if flood occurs.Government gives advice to public via website-how to protect home with flood and what to do if flood occurs.Bangladesh-coastal areas-flood warning systems.
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adv and disadv of gabions
wire cages filled with stone used to reduce erosion. adv;cheap than others disadv;wire cages can break so need to be securely tied down
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adv and disadv of offshore reefs
enormous concrete blocks. adv;allow the build-up of sand due to the reduction in wave energy. disadv;difficult to install
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how is the coast managed at Walton-on-the-Naze?
1977-Groynes-stop longshore drift.Clif regraded+drainage channels installed-gentle slop. slop planted with gorse+nettles-stop people climbing on cliff.Seawall-protect soft london clay at bottom of c.1998-300 tonnes of leicester granite placed around
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

the impact of biological weathering on coastal landscapes

Back

seed falls into crack,rain causes seedling to grow,roots force their way into cracks,as the roots grow they break up the rock. burrowing animals also break up the rock

Card 3

Front

the impact of chemical weathering on coastal landscapes

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is erosion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

headlands and bays form due to what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Comments

Olusola

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Exactly what I need! Thank you

Sophie Conway

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no problem! X

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