Geography

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Where is Urbanisation happening fastest
Poorer countries. Most people in richer countries already live in urban areas. Poorer countries were living in rural areas
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What causes Urbanisation
Raural urban migration causes urbanisation because its the movement of people from the countryside to the cities
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What are the 4 main parts a city can be split into
Central Business District, The inner City, Suburbs, Rural Urban Fringe
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What is land use decided by
Social, Economic and Cultural factors. The land use of these different parts can differ from city to city
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What problems do may urban areas have
Not enough quality housing, run down CBD's, lots of traffic and pollution, Ethnic segregation
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Name the ways housing shortages are solved in urban areas
Urban renewal scheme. These are government strategies encouraging investment in new housing. New Towns like Milton Keynes for overspill. Relocation incentives. Older people in big houses to move into bungalows
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what efforts are being made to revitalise CBDs
pedestrianising areas, improving access to places, converting derelict warehouses into smart new shops and improving public areas
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what impact does car use have on the environment
more air pollution, more road accidents and lots of traffic jams
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what are some reasons for ethnic segregation
people want to live close to people from the same religion or culture, people live near to places that are important to their culture eg churches and people from a certai backround are restricted to where they can live eg because of money.
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why are squatter settlements common in poorer countries
squatters build the iilegally in and around cities as they cant afford a house, they are common in growing cities in poorer countries eg brazil, they are rural urban imigrants, they dont have basic services
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what are ways to improve squatter settlements
self help schemes, sit and servic schemes and local authority schemes
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how can rapid urbanisation and indurialisation affect the environment
waste disposal problems, more air pollution and more water pollution
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why is waste disposal a serious problem in poor countries
money, infastructure and scale of the waste
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what are some push factors from rural areas
fewer jobs, lower wages and higher poverty, shortage of services
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what are some pull factors to rural areas
more jobs, higher wages, lower poverty, better services
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What are the push factors of counter urbanisation in richer countries
Pollution and traffic congestion, crime rates higher, houses cost more
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What are the pull factors of counter urbanisation in richer countries
Better transport links, the growth of IT, new out of town business parks, more jobs
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Impacts of counter urbanisation
Rural Impacts:- increased demand for houses, local shops shut down as commuters use shops in city, people leave villages. Urban Impacts - places with crime and pollution become more empty, commuters prefer to shop and work on outskirts of city
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Governments try to manamge the impacts of counter urbanisation by
Rural:- more housing for locals, eg Yorkshire Dales - housing for people who work locally. Investing in services so villages dont close down. Urban:- Redevelop them, make them more attractive encouraging people to move back. Regenerating shops
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What is sustainable living
Living now but not reducing the ability of people living in the future. Eg fossil fuels
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How can urban areas be more sustainable
Schemes to reduce waste, conserving natural environments and historic buildings, building on brownfield sites, building carbon neutral homes, creating an efficient public transport system. Including local people in these decisions makes it work
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Planners look at social, economic and environmental needs. What are they
Social:- More housing, more room for social activities, Better transport. Economic:- More jobs, business parks, out of town shopping. Environmental:- more waste disposal, more green areas
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Two types of consumer goods are
High order goods - bought occasionally eg clothes furniture, cars. Low order goods:- bought frequently eg milk bread newspapers
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What is the threashold population
minimum population needed to support a shop
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What is the sphere of influence
The area from which people come to visit the shop. Shops selling high order goods have a hight sphere of influence. People dont travel far to get low order goods
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What are the two major changes in the way we shop
Changes to transport. More people with cars so we travel further. Change in market forces - the change in supply and demand for goods and retail services
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What effect does a large shopping centre have on the surrounding area
Biggers shop move to the shopping centre. better parking, everthing under one roof. Shops close down in local citys. Local citys are fighting back improving parking in citys and using ciy watch to reduce crime
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What causes Urbanisation

Back

Raural urban migration causes urbanisation because its the movement of people from the countryside to the cities

Card 3

Front

What are the 4 main parts a city can be split into

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is land use decided by

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What problems do may urban areas have

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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