Geography Water scarcity

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  • Created by: Snell11d
  • Created on: 01-11-17 10:19
Precipitation
The movement of water in any form from the atmosphere to the ground.
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Evaporation
The change is state of water from a liquid to a gas.
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Residence time
The average time a water molecule will spend a river or reservoir or store.
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Fossil water
Ancient, deep groundwater from former pluvial(Wetter) periods.
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Transpiration
The diffusion of water from vegetation into the atmosphere, involving a change from a gas to a liquid.
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Groundwater flow
The slow transfer of percolated water underground though previous or porous rocks.
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Catchment
The area drained by a river and it's tributaries.
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Watershed
The highland which divides and separates water flowing to different rivers
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Condensation
The change from a gas to a liquid, such as when water vapor changes to water droplets
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Conventional rainfall
Often associated with intense thunderstorms, which occur widely in areas with ground heating such as the tropics and Continental interiors.
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Cyclonic rainfall
A period of sustained, moderately intense rain; it is associated withe passage of depressions.
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Orographic
Concentrated on the windward slopes and summits of mountsins
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Interception loss
This is water that is retained by plant surfaces and later evaporated or absorbed by the vegetation and transpired. When the rain is light most of the water will be captured by this process. (Why you can stand under trees and not get wet.)
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Throughfall
This is when persists or is relatively intense and the water reaches the forests ground. (Rain forests.)
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Stem flow
When water flows across branches and then down the trunk of a tree or plant.
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Infiltration
The movement of water from ground surface into the soil.
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Infiltration capacity
The maximum rate which rain can be absorbed by the soil.
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Surface run-off
The movement of water that is unconfined by a channel across the surface of the ground. Also known as overland flow
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Throughflow
The latteral transfer of water down slope through the soil via natural pies and percolines
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Percolines
Lines of concentrated water flow between soil horizons to the river channel.
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Percolation
The transfer of water from the surface or from the soil into the bedrock below.
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Saturated overland
The upward movement of the water table into the evaporation zone
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Albedo
A measure of the proportion of the incoming solar radiation that is reflected back into the atmosphere and space
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Evapotranspiration(EVT)
The combined effects of evaporation and transpiration.
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Channel flow
The flow of water in streams or rivers.
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Channel storage
The storage of water in streams or rivers.
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Potential Evapotranspiration(PEVT)
The water loss that would occur if there was an unlimited supply of water in the soil for use by vegetation.
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Deformation
The cutting down and removal of all or most of the trees in a forested area.
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Afforestation
The planting of trees in an area that has not yet been forested in recent years
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River regime
The annual variation in discharge or flow of a river at a particular point or gauging station, usually measured in cumecs
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Rising limb
The part of a storm hydro-graph in which the discharge starts to rise.
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Peak discharge
The time when the river reaches its highest flow.
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Lag time
The time interval between peek rainfall and peek discharge.
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Falling or recessional limb
The part of the hydro-graph in which the discharge starts to decrease.
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Base flow
The normal, day-to-day discharge of a river.
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Meteorological drought
Defined by the shortfalls in precipitation as a result of short term variability within the longer term variability within the long-term average overall, as shown in many semi-arid and arid regions such as the Sahel.
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Drought problem
Has become almost a perennial problem in recent years as longer-term trends have shown a downward movement in both rainfall totals and the predictability of the rainy season.
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Agricultural drought
The rainfall deficiency
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The change is state of water from a liquid to a gas.

Back

Evaporation

Card 3

Front

The average time a water molecule will spend a river or reservoir or store.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Ancient, deep groundwater from former pluvial(Wetter) periods.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The diffusion of water from vegetation into the atmosphere, involving a change from a gas to a liquid.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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