Geography - Urban Issues and Challenges Glossary

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Urbanisation
the process of an increasing proportion of the population living in towns and cities, with less people living in rural areas
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Push factor
A factor which encourages people to leave the place in which they live and to move elsewhere
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Pull factor
A factor which attracts people to move to a new place
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Megacity
A city with more than 10 million inhabitants
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HIC
High income country
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LIC
Low income country
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NEE
Newly emerging economy
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Inequality
Disparities in the distribution of income and the overall quality of a person's life within a society
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Favela (Brazilian squatter settlement)
A shanty town; an area of makeshift housing, often unplanned and built illegally with no Government control
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Regeneration
Reversing the decline of an area by improving the physical structure and economy
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Urban sprawl
Green land getting built on to meet the demand for housing, industry and transport; towns and cities grow, while natural habitat is lost
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Counter-urbanisation
The process of people moving to live in the accessible rural-urban fringe
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Multicultural
Containing various different cultural or ethnic groups within a socity
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Gentrification
The process of renewal to accompany the influx of middle class or affluent people into deteriorating areas, that often displaces poorer residents
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Social housing
Housing provided for people on low incomes or with particular needs by government agencies or non-profit organisations
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Social cleansing
The large scale removal from an area of a social category regarded as undesirable; class-based filtering
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Compulsory purchase
The officially enforced purchase of privately owned land or property for public use
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Deprivation
A lack of basic materials needed for a decent quality of life e.g. housing, food, etc.
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Urban greening
The process of increasing and preserving open space in urban areas
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Dereliction
Abandoned buildings and wasteland
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Brownfield site
Land that has been built on before and is to be cleared and reused; often found in the inner city
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Greenfield site
Land that has not been built on before; usually in the countryside or on the edge of a built up area
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Greenbelt
Open land around urban areas where building has been restricted (since 1947) to prevent urban sprawl
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Rural-urban fringe
The zone of transition between a built up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land
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Commuter settlement
A place where people live and travel elsewhere for work
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Sustainable urban living
Living in a way that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A factor which encourages people to leave the place in which they live and to move elsewhere

Back

Push factor

Card 3

Front

A factor which attracts people to move to a new place

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A city with more than 10 million inhabitants

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

High income country

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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