Geography: The living world

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What are produers?
They produce energy by converting the suns energy into sugars and carbohydrates during photosynthesis
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What is a herbivore?
Organism that only eats plants eg. catapillars, ants, aphids. They are the primary cosumers.
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What is a carnivore?
Organisms that only eat other animals and are secondary consumers. Eg. sparrowhawks and blue ****.
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What is a omnivore?
Organisms that eat plants and animals eg humans. They are at the top of the food chain.
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What is a food web?
A complex diagram showing how multiple food chains are linked together.
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What is a food chain?
A chain showing how energy flows from one organism to another. The sun is usually the starting point as it provides energy to the plants.
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What do decomposers do?
They feed on dead plants and animals creating nutrients which are returned to the soil for use by growing plants and animals.
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What is a ecosystem?
It is made up of living things like trees, plants and animals and their non-living environment eg. soil, air, climate and water.
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What happens in an ecosystem?
The living things interact with their environment and with each other.
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Name 2 producers
Grass and trees
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Name 2 carnivores
sparrowhawks and blue ****
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Name 2 herbivores
Spiders and caterpillars
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Name 2 omnivores
Humans and foxes
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What is nutrient cycling?
Nutrient cycling is when minerals such as carbon and nitrogen are carried around in an ecosystem to help keep it balanced.
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What is a nutrient imput?
It is where sun and rain help plants produce nutrients. Weathered rock is also a nutrient imput.
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What is a nutrient output?
It is where rain washes nutrients out of the soil (leeching).
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What is a nutrient store?
It is when the trees (biomas) release leaves onto the floor. Trees and soil are also nutrient stores.
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Name 3 TRF's
Centeral america, the amazon (Brazil), congo (Africa), south-east Asia and dantree (australia)
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Name 3 characteristics of TRF's
There is little seasonal vegitation with high temperatures all year, day and night are the same length at the equator meaning that photosynthesis can take place all year so plants can grow continuosly.
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Why are TRF's so wet?
As the sun heats up the ground, it gets really hot. The air rises and the rain on the ground evaporates. The rain evaporates to form clouds and condenses. When the pressure too much,the rain falls and the cycle starts all over again.
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What is an adaptation?
An adaptation is the way plants change to suit the environment.
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How are epiphytes adapted to the rainforest?
They grow on other plants and trees. They take in some nutrients and minerals such as water then eventually, they start growing roots down to the ground to collect more nutrients.
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What is the strangler fig?
It is a killer in the rainforest and they adapt to the rainforest by growing and wrapping their branches and roots around the tree eventually cutting off its nutrition and sunlight then eventually killing it.
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Name the 4 sections of a TRF
Shrub layer, under canopy, canopy and emergents
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Name 3 characteristics of plants in TRF's
The leaves are thick and waxy to help them withstand strong sunlight, the roots arent deep in the soil as all the nutrients needed by the plants are close to the surface, canopy layer protects plants and provides a habitat for birds, animals, insects
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Describe two characteristics of TRF soils
The soils are very feritle because of the nutrients, most nutrients are found in the surface layers of the soil, soil has a thick layer of leaves, lower layers of the soil are usually red because they are rich in in iron from the weathered rock
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Name some vegitation characteristics
Climate remains the same through the year at 25 degrees which lets plants grow. There is a thick canopy at 30-40m. Emergents grow up to 50m to reach sunlight. Trees are supported by butress roots to stop falling over. Mahogany tree is important.
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Name some soil characteristics
The soil in a TRF is called a latosol. There are no distinct layers. It is red/yellowish throughout. The soils are 20-30m thick. The humus layer is thin. There is over 2,000mm rain per year.
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Describe the global distribution of a TRF in a ecosystem
The rainforest is distributed so that it covers the rainforest. There are rainforests in the amazon in north Brazil, Congo in Africa and Dantree in Australia. south-east asia, centeral America. They are situated around the equator between tropic of c
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Name the 6 causes of deforestation
1. Farming (slash and burn) 2. commercial ranching 3. Logging for timber products, 4. Road building, 5. Mineral extraction 6. Population pressure
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What is environmental sustainability?
Protecting todays resources so that future generations can benefit from them.
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What is social sustainability?
Makes sure that local people are involved in disscussions
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What is economic sustainability?
Means that local people benefit financially from projects in their local area.
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What is selective logging?
It is where you pick out a particular tree to cut down eg. mahogany. They must have a permit though
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Name the 6 hot deserts
Mexican, Atacama, Sahara, Kalahan, Arabian and Australian.
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Name the 2 tropics
The tropic of cancer - top one, The tropic of capricorn - the bottom one.
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Name characteristics of a hot desert environment
The temperature is highest around may-june at 33 degrees and is lowest in jan-feb at 21 degrees. The rainfall is highest in august at 44mm.
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Why do hot deserts have high temperatures
Because they are closer to the equator where the suns rays are concentrated into a small area and because there is high pressure; air is sinking down`
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Why do hot desserts have low rainfall?
Because there are cold ocean currents near them and because they are in rainshadow areas.
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What is transpiration?
It is when leaves sweat
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What are desert soils called?
Aridsols; they can be different colours with no moisture. Some are rocky and some are just plain sand.
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What are the characteristics of TDF's?
They are biomes (large scale ecosystems) found in the UK. They are made of trees that drop leaves in autumn. Oak, beech and ash are deciduous trees.
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Name 2 characteristics of TDF's
The soil is darker nearer the surface, the soil type is brown earth, Leeching happens slowly due to the wet climate.
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What is controlled felling?
Limiing the number of trees that can be cut down.
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What is replanting?
Replacing trees that are cut down with young ones.
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What is planting for recreational use?
Allowing woodland to be used for lesiure.
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What is conservation?
Looking after the area so that it remains for the future.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a herbivore?

Back

Organism that only eats plants eg. catapillars, ants, aphids. They are the primary cosumers.

Card 3

Front

What is a carnivore?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a omnivore?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a food web?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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