Building settlements in river valleys or on river estuaries can have a major impact on the landscape. Towns can have a visual impact, may affect wildlife and may also affect natural processes in and around the river
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Cutting down trees "Deforestation"
Trees and vegetation may be removed to make space for building. This speeds up the flow of water to the river as there are less leaves for interception snd less tree roots to cause infiltration into the soil.
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Building roads and drains
This speeds up the water making it reach the river faster by overland flow run off. Tarmac surfaces are impermeable which means water cannot infiltrate so travels faster by overland flow. This means floods are more likely.
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Industry
Large ports may be built at the mouth of a river to import and export goods. To ensure ships cn come in and out, the rive needs to be deep. An example of this is poole harbour in dorset. This means taking out deposited sediment using a dredger.
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Agriculture
Farming may also affect the natural process in a river.
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Ploughing soil
This adds air to the soil which may encourage infiltration. This slows down the natural journey of water into the river.
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Animals
Pastoral farming may compact the soil as animals travel over it. This decreases the air so there is less room for infiltration affecting the natural journey of water.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Trees and vegetation may be removed to make space for building. This speeds up the flow of water to the river as there are less leaves for interception snd less tree roots to cause infiltration into the soil.
Back
Cutting down trees "Deforestation"
Card 3
Front
This speeds up the water making it reach the river faster by overland flow run off. Tarmac surfaces are impermeable which means water cannot infiltrate so travels faster by overland flow. This means floods are more likely.
Back
Card 4
Front
Large ports may be built at the mouth of a river to import and export goods. To ensure ships cn come in and out, the rive needs to be deep. An example of this is poole harbour in dorset. This means taking out deposited sediment using a dredger.
Back
Card 5
Front
Farming may also affect the natural process in a river.
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