Geography Paper 1 section C: Coasts

?
  • Created by: Davina1st
  • Created on: 28-03-19 20:20
What are waves?
The movement for water molecules with the ocean. They are restricted to the surface. They invOlveston the circular orbit of water molecules.
1 of 33
What 3 things influence the size and enedgy of a wave?
The fetch, how far it has travelled. The strength of the wind and how far the wind has travelled.
2 of 33
Why do waves break?
Waves start out as sea, have a circular orbit. Friction of shore slows the Base of the wave. Thai causes the orbit to become elliptical. Until the top of the wave breaks over. Water swashes up the beach.
3 of 33
What is swash?
The watereason flowing towards a beach when a wave breaks
4 of 33
What is a constructive wave?
Has a strong swash and weak backwash, swash makes sediment build up and nd create a beach. Weak backwash means sediment is nit washed away and the beach is built up not destroyed.
5 of 33
What is a destructive wave?
Has a weak swash and a strong backwash. Sediment on beaches is washed away as the backwash is strong. Weak swash means the beach is not built up.
6 of 33
What is the wave crest?
The top of the wave
7 of 33
What is the wave length?
The distance between 2 crests
8 of 33
What is wave height?
The height of the wave, between 2 crests
9 of 33
What is wave trough?
The low between 2 crests
10 of 33
What is weathering?
The breaking down of rocks or wearing away of rocks by exposure to the atmosphere
11 of 33
What is physical/ mechanical weathering?
The breating down of rocks because of physical processes such as change in temperature and the effects of the wind.
12 of 33
What is freeze thaw weathering?
Cracking in rock fills with water. Water freezes and as it expands the cracks gets bigger. This is repeated until large parts of the rock brrak away.
13 of 33
What is Salt weathering?
Seawater contains Salt and it gets into cracks in a cliff. The water evaporises leaving Salt crystals. Thesee Salt crystals grow and expand. The growing crystals put pressure on rock and they eventually break off.
14 of 33
What is biological weathering?
The breaking down of rocks due to the actions of living organisms such as trees and burrowing animals.
15 of 33
What is chemical weathering?
The wearing away or rocks by chemicals that react with their minerals.
16 of 33
What is mass movement?
Mass movement is the downward movement of rock, soil or mud under the influence of gravity
17 of 33
How does a rockfall happen?
Rockfall is mass movement. It is the downhill movemeng of sediment due to gravity. Bits of the rock fall off the cliff face, usyall you due to freeze thaw weathering. Screen slope of fallen rocks form.
18 of 33
What are two differencesides between a rock fall and a rock slide?
Rock slides are not as steep as rockfalls, large blocks of rocks slide down in a rock slide opposed to small bits of rock in a rock slide.
19 of 33
How does a mudflow happen?
Saturated soil, meaning soil filled with water, flows down a slope. Mudflow occurs on steep slopes over 10°
20 of 33
What does hydraulic action mean? Coastal erosion
Air may become trapped in joints and cracks on a cliff face. When a wave breaks, the trapped air is compressed which weakens the cliff and causeshe erosion
21 of 33
What does abrasion mean?
Bits of rock and sand in waves grind down a cliff
22 of 33
What does attrition mean?
Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore inotropic each other, and they break and become smoother.
23 of 33
What does solution mean?
Acids contained in the sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as cHalkirk or limestone
24 of 33
Where does material in the sea come from?
Eroded from cliffs/coast, transportated by Longstone drift/ wave along coastline. Brought inland from offshore by constructive waves. Carried to the coutline by rivers.
25 of 33
Which type of rock creates gently sloping cliffs and why?
Softer rock, it erodes quicker than the hard rock.
26 of 33
Which type of rock creates steep cliffs and why?
Hard Rock as it is more resistant.
27 of 33
How is a cliff eroded and moved back?
Weather weakens top of the cliff. Sea tracks base of cliff forming a wave cut notch. Notch increases in size causing the cliff to collapse. Backwash carries the rubble towards the sea forming a wave cut platform. Repeated and cliff retreats
28 of 33
What is a headland?
A high area of land that extends out to sea
29 of 33
What is a bay?
A low lying inlet of land on the coast
30 of 33
When are headlands formed?
When soft rock erodes quicker than soft and it forms a bay. When softer rock has eroded inwards the hard rock sticks out to sea called a headland.
31 of 33
What is a discordant coastline?
The bands of rock alternate between different types of soft and hard rock
32 of 33
What is a concordant coastline?
They have the same rock all along its length
33 of 33

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What 3 things influence the size and enedgy of a wave?

Back

The fetch, how far it has travelled. The strength of the wind and how far the wind has travelled.

Card 3

Front

Why do waves break?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is swash?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a constructive wave?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Geography resources:

See all Geography resources »See all Coastal zones resources »